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Wulf Killmann, FAO, noted that IUCN, UNEP and FAO have held workshops in Ecuador, Uruguay and Kenya on modalities for afforestation and reforestation under the CDM. He explained that the workshops have raised awareness of climate change issues among foresters.
Jens Mackensen, UNEP, stressed the importance of building developing countries' capacities on land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) issues. He underscored the need for high-quality LULUCF projects that are environmentally sound and socially equitable, and to enhance the link between science and policy.
Brett Orlando, IUCN, explained that IUCN is exploring ways to make sinks projects environmentally sound and socially equitable through, inter alia, building institutional capacities and legal frameworks to create enabling environments, and building support outside the environmental movement for "good" sinks projects.
Dieter Schoene, FAO, noted that forests both influence and are affected by climate change.
Madeleine Diouf, Senegal's Ministry of Environment and Natural Protection, highlighted the problems of deforestation and desertification in her country. She expressed hope that CDM sink projects would, inter alia, encourage agroforestry practices, create benefits for local communities and promote sustainable forest management. Diouf drew attention to the need for: simple modalities; training for foresters and other stakeholders; and new instruments to measure and monitor soil and biomass carbon.
Marilia Manjate, National UNFCCC Focal Point in Mozambique, said CDM afforestation and reforestation projects should expand forest areas, decrease deforestation, improve local communities' livelihoods, reduce vulnerability to floods and erosion, improve soil fertility, enhance carbon sequestration, build capacities, and support small-scale projects. She highlighted Mozambique's need for pilot projects on afforestation and reforestation, and capacity building on project baseline monitoring.
Marina Stadthagen, Nicaragua's Clean Development National Office (CDNO), explained that the CDNO has established procedures to ensure that CDM projects support sustainable development and comply with national environment and development regulations, strategies and plans. She recommended small-scale and community-based projects that use native species, identified the need for clear procedures and methodologies for small projects, and called for official development assistance for building local capacities.
Walter Oyhantçabal, Uruguay's Ministry of Agriculture, underlined the need for simple and effective rules for afforestation and reforestation CDM projects that are commensurate with those already elaborated for energy projects, but are adapted to afforestation and reforestation requirements. He called for strengthening developing countries' capacities to prepare projects, establish baselines, and assess and monitor long-term environmental and socioeconomic impacts.
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