/linkages/journal/ Volume 6 Number 11
1 December 2001

Published by the International Institute for Sustainable 
Development (IISD) 

The PDF (formatted and printable with wall calendar) 
version is available at 
http://enb.iisd.org/journal/link0611e.pdf

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Linkages Journal offers the latest news, information and analysis 
from international environment and development negotiations.

The December 2001 issue of Linkages Journal includes: 

* media reports, including news on illegal animal trafficking in 
  Brazil and on how climate change is triggering genetic alterations 
  in animals;
* briefings on key meetings held in November 2001, including the 
  UNFCCC COP-7 meeting, the CBD SBSTTA-7 session, the Negotiations 
  on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food 
  and Agriculture, and the International Forum on National 
  Sustainable Development Strategies; 
* details of new journal articles, books and online reports; 
* a comprehensive list of upcoming meetings. )


EDITOR'S NOTE

A message from Linkages Journal's Editor

MILESTONES IN CLIMATE CHANGE, INTERNATIONAL UNDERTAKING TALKS

November saw the completion of two long negotiating processes - 
the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and 
Agriculture was adopted on 3 November in Rome by the FAO 
Conference and the negotiations under the Buenos Aires Plan of 
Action, setting out the details for Kyoto Protocol implementation, 
were brought to a close by negotiators at UNFCCC COP-7 in Marrakesh 
on 10 November. 

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and 
Agriculture - formerly called the International Undertaking or IU 
- was finalized after seven years of negotiations. The treaty 
establishes a Multilateral System for facilitated access to a 
specified list of plant genetic resources for food and 
agriculture, balanced by benefit-sharing in the areas of 
information exchange, technology transfer, capacity building and 
commercial benefit-sharing. The balance struck is between 
promoting food security and plant genetic resources for food and 
agriculture while managing and minimizing potential impacts in the 
contentious realm of international trade and agriculture politics. 
As such, the treaty represents a serious effort to address the 
intersection of international environmental, agricultural and 
trade law. 

The climate change negotiators in Marrakesh, on the other hand, 
finalized issues related to the political deal concluded at COP-6 
Part II in July in Bonn, attempting to resolve the outstanding 
technical issues relating to the implementation of the Kyoto 
Protocol, and thus pave the way for the Protocol's timely entry 
into force. The discussions and bargaining were intense, and in 
the end a package deal on a compliance system, the Kyoto 
mechanisms, accounting, reporting and review of information under 
the Kyoto Protocol, and land use, land-use change and forestry was 
(once again) agreed, as it was apparent that some of the remaining 
"technical" issues from Bonn had significant political undertones. 
The final deal was seen by some as a further watering down of the 
Kyoto Protocol. However, many participants and observers seemed 
satisfied with the fact that the Marrakesh Accords had at least 
sealed the deal allowing for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, 
and will serve as the foundation for a comprehensive multilateral 
approach that will and must continue beyond this Protocol.

Water and Mountains on the December Agenda

Two important meetings in the lead-up to the Johannesburg Summit, 
both focusing on the complex issues of water, will be held in 
December. The International Conference on Freshwater will be 
hosted by the German Government in Bonn, and will focus on the 
freshwater issues addressed in Agenda 21. At the same time, a 
global conference on oceans and coasts will be held in Paris, 
and will also prepare input for Johannesburg.

December will also see the official UN launch of the 2002 
International Year of the Mountains, which will be held in New 
York on 11 December. Linkages Journal's sister publication, the 
Earth Negotiations Bulletin, will be present at and report from 
each of these events. 

Malena Sell

Editor, Linkages Journal



RECENT MEETINGS

Information on recent conferences, workshops and symposia in the 
field of environment and development negotiations

PREPARATIONS FOR THE JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT 2002

IIED CONFERENCE - EQUITY FOR A SMALL PLANET: The International 
Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) held its 30th 
Anniversary Conference from 12-13 November 2001 in London, UK. The 
Anniversary Conference was comprised of a one-day workshop 
followed by a one-day conference, and was held in collaboration 
with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and 
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Canadian International 
Development Agency, Department of Foreign Affairs and 
International Trade Canada, Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs and Sweden's International Development Cooperation Agency.

On Monday, 12 November, the International Workshop, hosted by the 
Canadian High Commission, outlined issues, presented themes and 
generated discussion. The conclusions of the workshop were 
presented to the International Conference, which was convened on 
Tuesday, 13 November and hosted by the Trade Union Congress. More 
than 450 participants attended the workshop and conference, 
including representatives of governments, NGOs, multilateral 
organizations, academia and the private sector.

Carrying a theme of "Equity for a Small Planet," the purpose of 
this event was to convene an International Forum that would 
consider the dynamic interactions between the processes of 
globalization and efforts to protect local livelihoods, with an 
emphasis on perspectives from the South, and to clarify many of 
the critical issues and emerging priorities to be forwarded for 
consideration at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development 
(WSSD) in Johannesburg. The outputs of the conference consisted of 
a series of opinion papers that would provide input to the WSSD. 
The Sustainable Developments report outlining these discussions in 
detail can be found at: http://enb.iisd.org/crs/SDEQU/index.html


INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
STRATEGIES: The International Forum on National Sustainable 
Development Strategies (NSDSs) took place from 7-9 November 2001 
in Accra, Ghana. The Forum was convened by the UN Department for 
Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), in collaboration with the 
Government of Ghana, Department for International Development 
(DFID) of the UK, the Danish Government and the UNDP/Capacity 21 
programme, as part of the ongoing preparatory process for the 
WSSD. Seventy-three participants from 31 countries drawn from 
government, civil society, the private sector and international 
agencies participated in the Forum.

The purpose of the meeting was to debate lessons learned and best 
practices in NSDSs at the international level, improve 
understanding amongst participants, and recommend approaches that 
are relevant and likely to be effective in the foreseeable future. 
Among the topics considered were key principles and 
characteristics of sound NSDSs, countries' experiences in 
implementing already existing national frameworks for NSDSs, 
stakeholder experiences with NSDSs, the assessment of effective 
processes for NSDSs, and the strengthening of capacity for NSDS 
processes. Participants also deliberated on national and regional 
follow-up actions and discussed recommendations and conclusions 
for presentation at WSSD preparatory meetings.

The meeting's outputs consisted of the Draft Report of the Forum 
with country reports annexed, a draft of the UN document on 
guidance for preparing NSDSs, suggestions for key national and 
regional actions, and a draft of the document on development of 
criteria to assess the effectiveness of NSDSs. The Sustainable 
Developments report outlining these discussions in detail can be 
found at: http://enb.iisd.org/crs/nsds/ 

FIFTH MEETING OF THE CSD-10 BUREAU: The fifth meeting of the 
Bureau took place in New York from 1-2 November 2001. The Bureau 
was briefed on the state of preparations for the Johannesburg 
Summit and the outcomes of the preparatory meetings for the 
African and the Latin American and Caribbean regions. The Bureau 
also met with representatives of the Global Environment Facility 
(GEF), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to discuss 
each organization's WSSD-related activities. In its presentation, 
the GEF informed the Bureau that it was convening four thematic 
roundtables focusing on Energy, Forest and Biodiversity, Land, 
Water and Food Security, and Cross-Cutting Issues such as 
financing for environmental sustainability. To ensure high-level 
participation, these Roundtables are scheduled to be held on the 
margins of planned meetings such as the Second PrepCom and the 
Financing for Development Conference. The IMF noted that promoting 
high quality sustainable growth required taking social and 
environmental concerns into account, and added that it was 
tracking government spending on social sectors. It also reaffirmed 
that its role in the Summit process will include continuing to 
work with the World Bank and OECD to achieve the Millennium 
Declaration goals through market access, equitable foreign 
investment and increased ODA. The World Back briefed the Bureau on 
the progress of the World Development Report, stating that the 
report will carry out a comprehensive review of existing 
development strategies, with a focus on the social and 
environmental impacts of these strategies. The Bureau suggested 
that the report should also address the issue of unsustainable 
patterns of consumption and production.

The Bureau decided that it would meet with all three groups again 
in Washington in December 2001 to further discuss their roles in 
the Summit process. Bureau members then approved the main issues 
for the brainstorming sessions planned from 15-16 January 2002 in 
New York. More information on the Fifth Meeting of the Bureau is 
available online at: 
http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/documents/bureaumeetings.html 

BIODIVERSITY

OPEN-ENDED INTER-SESSIONAL MEETING ON THE STRATEGIC PLAN, NATIONAL 
REPORTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL 
DIVERSITY: The Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Meeting on the Strategic 
Plan, National Reports and Implementation (MSP) of the Convention 
on Biological Diversity (CBD) met from 19-21 November 2001, in 
Montreal, Canada. Over 180 participants from 100 governments, 
joined by representatives from intergovernmental, non-
governmental, and academic organizations attended the meeting. 
Delegates met in two working groups. Working Group I considered 
the strategic plan. Working Group II addressed implementation and 
operations of the Convention, national reports and the World 
Summit on Sustainable Development.

Disagreement over the strategic plan's vision and operational 
goals resulted in bracketed text. However, some delegates 
considered discussions to be a useful starting point, with 
consensus to be built at the sixth meeting of the Conference of 
the Parties (COP-6). Delegates seemed generally satisfied with 
their accomplishments on the more manageable tasks of providing 
recommendations towards increasing the efficiency and performance 
of CBD operations and reporting processes. The recommendations 
from MSP will be forwarded to COP-6, to be held from 8-19 April 
2002, in The Hague, the Netherlands. The Earth Negotiations 
Bulletin report outlining these discussions in detail can be found 
at: http://enb.iisd.org/vol09/enb09222e.html

SEVENTH SESSION OF THE SUBSIDIARY BODY FOR SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL 
AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL 
DIVERSITY: The seventh meeting of the Subsidiary Body for 
Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA-7) of the 
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) met from 12-16 November 
2001 in Montreal, Canada. Over 515 participants from 113 
governments and from intergovernmental, non-governmental, academic 
and indigenous organizations attended the meeting. Delegates met 
in two working groups. Working Group I focused on forest 
biodiversity and considered its status, trends and threats, held 
general discussions on recommendations relating to bushmeat, and 
addressed a work programme with elements on: conservation, 
sustainable use and benefit sharing; institutional and 
socioeconomic enabling environments; and knowledge, assessment and 
monitoring. Working Group II considered and prepared 
recommendations on agricultural biodiversity, including the 
International Pollinators Initiative, the plant conservation 
strategy, incentive measures, indicators, and environmental impact 
assessment. 

The forest work programme proved to be a considerable undertaking, 
which will require extensive intersessional work on actors, 
timeframes and process indicators. Overall, however, delegates 
seemed pleased with the substance of the final outputs, while 
noting that the challenge ahead is to prioritize activities within 
the forest work programme. Delegates also appreciated Working 
Group II's discussions on agricultural biodiversity, the plant 
conservation strategy, incentives, indicators, and environmental 
impact assessment. The recommendations from SBSTTA-7 will be 
forwarded to the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties 
(COP-6), to be held from 8-19 April 2002 in The Hague, the 
Netherlands. The task for COP-6 will be to make the necessary 
political decisions to ensure effective implementation of the work 
of the SBSTTA and other intersessional processes under the 
Convention. The Earth Negotiations Bulletin report outlining these 
discussions in detail can be found at: 
http://enb.iisd.org/biodiv/sbstta7/

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MANAGING BIODIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURAL 
SYSTEMS: The International Symposium on Managing Biodiversity in 
Agricultural Ecosystems convened from 8-10 November 2001 in 
Montreal, Canada. The Symposium was organized by the United 
Nations University (UNU), the Secretariat of the CBD and the 
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). This 
three-day Symposium brought together approximately 140 
participants from the academic, government, research and non-
profit sectors to share experiences, case studies, initiatives and 
ideas on the management of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems.

The Symposium was organized on a thematic basis covering the 
topics of: crop and livestock genetic resources; associated 
biodiversity and agro-ecosystem services; and landscape, scale and 
change. On each day, participants addressed a different theme, 
with presenters offering their research in sessions focused on 
specific aspects within the broader topic. Poster displays outside 
the meeting halls further explored the thematic areas. The 
Symposium's objectives were to: advance understanding of the 
complex process and mechanisms for on-farm management of 
biodiversity and their relation with farmers' livelihoods; compare 
and exchange experiences in encouraging profitable management 
practices and systems of biodiversity on farms; identify lessons 
learned for policy and capacity building; and contribute to, and 
promote, the implementation of the CBD Programme of Work on 
Agricultural Biodiversity. The Sustainable Developments report 
outlining these discussions in detail can be found at: 
http://enb.iisd.org/crs/mbae/ 

OPEN-ENDED WORKING GROUP ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNDERTAKING ON PLANT 
GENETIC RESOURCES: Negotiations on the International Treaty on 
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (formerly the 
International Undertaking) were held from 30 October to 3 November 
2001, at the headquarters of the UN Food and Agriculture 
Organization (FAO) in Rome, Italy. The FAO Council, and an Open-
ended Working Group convened under its auspices, met from 30 
October to 1 November 2001, to resolve outstanding issues 
following the agreement's adoption by the sixth extraordinary 
session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and 
Agriculture (CGRFA-Ex6) held in June 2001.

The key outstanding issues discussed included: the treaty's 
relationship with other international agreements; definitions of 
plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) and 
genetic material; the application of intellectual property rights 
(IPR) to PGRFA covered by the agreement; and expansion of the list 
of crops included in Annex I (List of Crops). The negotiations 
also addressed unresolved text on financial resources and 
subsidies, decision-making by the Governing Body and the 
resolution on the treaty's adoption and interim arrangements. On 
Saturday, 3 November 2001, the draft treaty was submitted to the 
FAO Conference, where it was adopted by a vote of 116 in favor, 
zero against and two abstentions.

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and 
Agriculture establishes a Multilateral System for facilitated 
access to a specified list of PGRFA, balanced by benefit-sharing 
in the areas of information exchange, technology transfer, 
capacity building and commercial benefit-sharing. Its objectives 
are the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA and equitable 
benefit-sharing for sustainable agriculture and food security. The 
treaty also contains sections on general provisions, Farmers' 
Rights, supporting components, and financial and institutional 
provisions. The list of crops in Annex I includes 35 crop genera 
and 29 forage species. The treaty also recognizes the need for 
close links with the FAO and the CBD. The Earth Negotiations 
Bulletin report outlining these discussions in detail can be found 
at: http://enb.iisd.org/biodiv/iu-wg/ 

CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERE

SEVENTH CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION 
ON CLIMATE CHANGE: The Seventh Conference of the Parties (COP-7) 
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
(UNFCCC) was held in Marrakesh, Morocco from 29 October - 10 
November 2001. Over 4400 participants from 172 governments, 234 
intergovernmental, non-governmental and other observer 
organizations, and 166 media outlets were in attendance. The 
meeting sought to finalize agreement on the operational details 
for commitments on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases under 
the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It also sought agreement on actions to 
strengthen implementation of the UNFCCC. In attempting to achieve 
these goals, which were set out in the 1998 Buenos Aires Plan of 
Action (BAPA), COP-7 intended to bring to a close three years of 
negotiations, and complete tasks left unfinished at COP-6 Parts I 
and II held in The Hague and Bonn, respectively. The Bonn 
Agreements - a political declaration on outstanding issues that 
was adopted at COP-6 Part II in July 2001 - served as the basis 
for delegates striving to finish their work.

From 30 October to 6 November delegates met in negotiating groups, 
closed drafting groups and informal consultations in their attempt 
to resolve outstanding issues, which included the mechanisms under 
the Protocol, a compliance system, accounting, reporting and 
review under Protocol Articles 5 (methodological issues), 7 
(communication of information) and 8 (review of information), and 
land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). Ongoing 
negotiations were also held on draft COP decisions relating to the 
least developed countries (LDCs), the Consultative Group of 
Experts (CGE), and input to the WSSD.

The fifteenth sessions of the COP's subsidiary bodies met during 
COP-7 from 29 October to 8 November. The subsidiary bodies adopted 
draft conclusions on a number of issues, including national 
communications, administrative and financial matters, and 
methodological issues.

On Wednesday, 7 November, COP-7's High-Level Segment began, with 
ministers and senior officials seeking to bring negotiations to a 
successful conclusion. Informal consultations were facilitated by 
Minister Valli Moosa (South Africa) and Secretary of State 
Philippe Roch (Switzerland). After protracted bilateral and 
multilateral talks, a package deal on LULUCF, mechanisms, Protocol 
Articles 5, 7 and 8, and input to the WSSD was proposed on 
Thursday evening, 8 November. Although the deal was accepted by 
most regional groups, including the G-77/China and the EU, the 
Umbrella Group (a loose alliance of Annex I Parties that includes 
Canada, Australia, Japan, the Russian Federation, and New Zealand) 
did not join the consensus, with key areas of dispute including 
eligibility requirements and bankability under the mechanisms. 
However, after further extensive negotiations throughout Friday 
and into Saturday morning, a package deal was agreed, with key 
features including consideration of LULUCF Principles in reporting 
of such data and limited banking of units generated by sinks under 
the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The Earth Negotiations 
Bulletin report outlining these discussions in detail can be found 
at: http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop7/index.html 

FORESTS

INTERNATIONAL EXPERT MEETING ON MONITORING, ASSESSMENT AND 
REPORTING: The International Expert Meeting on Monitoring, 
Assessment and Reporting took place from 5-8 November 2001 in 
Yokohama, Japan. The meeting focused on monitoring, assessment and 
reporting (MAR) on the progress towards sustainable forest 
management. Experts from 31 countries, international organizations 
and regional processes, and NGOs were in attendance. The meeting 
was hosted by Japan and co-sponsored by Australia, Brazil, Ghana, 
Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway and the US. Participants heard 
presentations and broke up into working groups. The first two days 
focused on the role of criteria and indicators in MAR and 
sustainable forest management. On the third day, participants 
attended presentations on MAR and heard updates on the progress of 
implementation of the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Forests/Intergovernmental Forum on Forests proposals for action, 
followed by discussions on these topics in the working groups. The 
report from this meeting will be transmitted to the second session 
of the UN Forum on Forests to be held next March in San José, 
Costa Rica. More information on this meeting is available through 
contacting: Osamu Hashiramoto; e-mail: 
osamu_hasiramoto@nm.maff.go.jp 


TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT

FOURTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE: The Fourth 
WTO Ministerial Conference took place from 9-13 November 2001 in 
Doha, Qatar. One hundred and forty-two member governments convened 
to negotiate various aspects of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. 
Throughout the conference, trade ministers presented their views 
in plenary sessions on what the WTO should focus on over the next 
two years. Heads of delegation met on Saturday, 10 November to 
delineate issue areas identified as needing intensive consultation 
before a consensus could be reached on the Ministerial 
Declaration, the Ministerial Decision on Implementation-related 
Issues and Concerns, and the Declaration on Intellectual Property 
Rights and Public Health/Access to Medicines. 

Friends of the Chair were chosen to conduct consultations on six 
issue areas: agriculture; implementation; environment; rule-
making; new issues; and trade-related aspects of intellectual 
property rights (TRIPs). A seventh Friend of the Chair was 
appointed on Monday, 12 November to handle consultations on issues 
such as labor standards, TRIPs and biodiversity, and dispute 
settlement reform that were not covered by the six existing 
groups.

After extensive negotiations, Members adopted a Ministerial 
Declaration on 14 November, launching a new round of trade 
negotiations scheduled to conclude by 2005. In addition to 
allowing Members to engage in negotiations on traditional issues 
such as agriculture and services, the new Declaration also 
launches negotiations on environment, industrial tariffs, anti-
dumping, fisheries subsidies, regional trade agreements, dispute 
settlement, and the "Singapore" issues of investment, competition 
policy, transparency in government procurement, and trade 
facilitation. With respect to environment issues, Member agreed to 
launch negotiations on: the relationship between WTO rules and 
specific trade obligations set out in multilateral environmental 
agreements (MEAs); procedures for regular information exchange 
between MEA secretariats and the relevant WTO committees, and the 
criteria for the granting of observer status; and the reduction or 
elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental 
goods and services. Other outcomes of this meeting include a 
Declaration on TRIPs and Public Health and a waiver for the 
European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) 
countries for their preferential EU-ACP "Cotonou" market access 
arrangement. More information on this meeting is available from 
the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development's 
Bridges daily coverage of the WTO Ministerial: 
http://www.ictsd.org/ministerial/doha/index.htm 


WETLANDS

EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA SUBREGIONAL RAMSAR MEETING: 
Approximately 50 participants from nine Ramsar Contracting 
Parties, seven nations currently undergoing the accession process, 
and two of the Convention's International Organization Partners, 
met from 12-14 November 2001 in Lusaka, Zambia, for the Eastern 
and Southern Africa Subregional Meeting. The meeting undertook a 
national and subregional evaluation of the implementation of the 
Convention's strategic plan and work plan in the region and 
discussed the challenges ahead. In particular, participants 
contributed input to the major tools and guidance currently under 
development for consideration by the Eighth Conference of the 
Parties (COP-8) to be held in Valencia, Spain, in November 2002. 
Special attention was paid to the need for integrating wetland 
issues into the overall sustainable development effort and to use 
wetlands as valuable assets for poverty eradication and socio-
economic development. It was urged that the Convention include in 
its future work the development of guidelines on prevention and 
possible responses to emergencies and disasters related to 
wetlands, in cooperation with the UN system and relevant 
secretariats. Finally, the meeting, echoing the recent South 
American subregional Ramsar meeting, called on the Ramsar Standing 
Committee to consider the desirability of adding socio-cultural 
and economic benefits and functions to the Criteria for 
Identifying Wetlands of International Importance, in light of the 
pre-eminent importance of issues of human uses of wetlands amongst 
developing countries. More information on this meeting is 
available online at: 
http://ramsar.org/mtg_reg_southernafrica2001_report.htm

WILDLIFE

SEVENTH WORLD WILDERNESS CONGRESS: The seventh World Wilderness 
Congress was held from 2-8 November 2001 in Port Elisabeth, South 
Africa. The week-long event was organized by the Wilderness 
Foundation South Africa, the International Wilderness Leadership 
(WILD) Foundation and the UK Wilderness Trust. Seven hundred 
delegates from 44 nations were in attendance to hear presentations 
and participate in consultations, debates and decisions on 
wilderness conservation and protection. Highlights of this Summit 
included the announcement by the Global Environment Facility of 
two new grants of US$1 million each to South Africa and Angola to 
assist wilderness and wildlands conservation. In addition, a 
wilderness area near Port Elisabeth, the first on private property 
in Africa, was declared, while Namibia announced new wilderness 
legislation and new proposed plans for a Wilderness National Park. 
Two new fundraising strategies for African Protected Areas were 
introduced: My Acre of Africa, an internet-based, public 
fundraising strategy for Southern African parks, protected areas 
and local communities; and the African Protected Areas Initiative, 
a new strategy addressing the need for more financing for all 
African protected areas, which is to be developed and launched at 
the fifth World Parks Congress in Durban in June 2003. During the 
conference, U.S. Congressman Clay Shaw also announced the 
forthcoming introduction of a bill into the U.S. Congress to 
address unsustainable logging of tropical forests, using a number 
of different financial mechanisms such as debt swaps and buy-back 
of logging rights. More information on this meeting is available 
online at: http://www.worldwilderness.org/index2.htm 

MEDIA REPORTS

The latest news from the field of international environment and 
development negotiations, with links to relevant media coverage 
and press releases

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DAMS COMMISSION FOLLOW-UP PROJECT LAUNCHED

A new project has been launched to support multi-stakeholder 
dialogue on issues raised by the World Commission on Dams. The 
"Dams and Development Project" (DDP) was set up under the auspices 
of UNEP on 1 November, and will follow up on some of the issues 
raised by the World Commission on Dams, an international group 
which concluded its work early this year. The aim of the DDP is to 
involve actors at the local, national and regional levels in 
support of sustainable development in the water and energy 
sectors. The DDP will disseminate information on the World 
Commission on Dams report and promote dialogue on issues addressed 
by the report, strengthen networking among stakeholders and 
facilitate exchange of information and advice. Jeremy Bird has 
been appointed as the preliminary coordinator of the DDP, which 
will soon be recruiting staff. A DDP Steering Committee is 
expected to meet in early December to discuss a variety of 
relevant issues, including the composition of a wider Dams and 
Development Forum. 

Links to further information

World Commission on Dams press release, 1 November 2001
http://www.dams.org/press/default.php?article=1330 

UNEP Dams and Development Project website
http://www.unep-dams.org/ 

ANTARCTIC SEABED CONTAMINATED BY HUMANS

Areas around Antarctic bases have been seriously contaminated by 
humans, according to a new report. The first State of the 
Environment Report on the land and seascapes of Antarctica's 
coastal Ross Sea region found contamination ranging from untreated 
sewage to dumped trash from New Zealand and U.S. bases, around 
which discarded beer cans are said in some places to outnumber 
natural sponges. Installations of sewage treatment plants at these 
bases have been planned for next year. 

Links to further information

ENN Environmental News Service, 19 November 2001
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2001/11/11192001/ap_waste_45613.asp 

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ALLIANCE STRENGTHENED

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has 
officially joined the Consultative Group on International 
Agricultural Research (CGIAR) as a co-sponsor, bolstering global 
efforts to improve agricultural development in developing 
countries. IFAD is a specialized UN agency established as an 
international financial institution, with a specific mandate to 
combat hunger and rural poverty in developing countries. CGIAR 
consists of public and private members that support 16 
international agricultural research centers, known as Future 
Harvest Centers. As a co-sponsor, IFAD will play a greater role in 
CGIAR governance, shape the international character and enhance 
the status of CGIAR operations. Other CGIAR co-sponsors include 
the FAO, UNDP and the World Bank. Announcing the news, Ian 
Johnson, World Bank Vice President and CGIAR Chairman stated that, 
with IFAD coming on board as a co-sponsor, "the global partnership 
in the fight against hunger, malnutrition, poverty and 
environmental degradation will be considerably strengthened."

Links to further information

World Bank press release, 2 November 2001
http://www.worldbank.org/html/cgiar/press/news11022001.pdf 

PREPARATIONS FOR THE JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT 2002

EXPERTS CALL FOR "SENSE OF URGENCY" TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE 
DEVELOPMENT 

Too little attention is being paid to sustainable development by 
people, politicians and the media, according to a panel of experts 
attending recent high-level discussions in the Carriage House in 
New York on the process leading to next year's Johannesburg 
Summit. "The extent to which we have actually implemented the 
outcomes from Rio is clearly inadequate," said UN Under-Secretary-
General Nitin Desai, who is also Secretary-General of the 
Johannesburg Summit. "The problem is we haven't been able to 
generate a sense of urgency among people and thus among 
politicians." Another panelist, Jeffrey Barber, the Executive 
Director of the Integrative Strategies Forum, added that the 
average American is unfamiliar with the concept of sustainable 
development, mainly because of lack of media coverage. "It's not 
newsworthy, it's complex and, as I've been told by many 
journalists, it's boring," Barber said. "And so politicians say 
that there isn't enough of a 'demand' from voters to discuss the 
issue." Other panelists spoke about the importance of linking 
development with issues of health and environment, and the need 
for better public access to information and participation in the 
decision-making processes that affect the environment.

Links to further information

Earth Times News Service, 7 November 2001
http://earthtimes.org/nov/sustainabledevelopmentasensenov7_01.htm 

BIODIVERSITY

LION POPULATIONS UNDER THREAT, WARNS GROUP

The number of lions in West and Central Africa is dwindling due to 
their small and fragmented populations, according to the African 
Lion Working Group. In its new report, the Group warns that the 
two largest lion populations in this area consist of 200 animals, 
while many isolated populations are as small as 50 animals. In 
order to avoid inbreeding, lion populations should consist of 500 
to 1,000 animals. There are only about 2,000 lions left in all of 
West and Central Africa, and the African Lion Working Group now 
estimates that only 10,000 to 30,000 lions remain in all of 
Africa, as opposed to a 1996 estimate of 30,000 to 100,000.

Over the next few decades, West and Central African lions are 
likely to be restricted to a dozen national parks, as more land is 
being used for agriculture and livestock breeding. The African 
Lion Working Group is preparing a lion management handbook and a 
scheme for the long-term conservation and monitoring of the lions. 

Links to further information

ENN Environmental News Service, 2 November 2001 
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2001/11/11022001/reu_45439.asp

African Lion Working Group website 
http://www.african-lion.org/ 

Status report of lion conservation in West and Central Africa
http://www.african-lion.org/limbe_lion_report.pdf

BRAZILIAN ANIMAL TRAFFICKING MAPPED

Details of the extensive trafficking of endangered species taking 
place in Brazil have been released in a report by the Brazilian 
National Network Against the Trafficking of Wild Animals 
(RENCTAS). According to the study, which is the first to combine 
all data on animal trafficking in the country, 38 million animals 
are illegally stolen from their natural habitats each year, 
yielding local traffickers as much as one billion dollars in 
revenue. Forty percent of the estimated 400 criminal organizations 
smuggling animals in Brazil are also thought to be involved in 
other criminal activities. 

Brazil contains the largest number of plant and animal species in 
the world, notably in the Amazon rainforest. Smuggling of a wide 
range of species, from poisonous snakes to rare parrots, 
apparently targets lucrative foreign markets, where animals are 
sold for tens of thousands of dollars each. Animal smuggling is 
the third largest cross-border criminal activity after the 
smuggling of arms and drugs. The Brazilian government said the new 
report will be used as a working tool for addressing the animal 
trafficking problem. 

Links to further information

Reuters news service, 14 November 2001 
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/13298/story.htm 

RENCTAS homepage (mainly in Portuguese) 
http://www.renctas.org.br/index.html 

CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

NO AGREEMENT REACHED ON PESTICIDE TREATY

The FAO governing conference ended its 31st session without 
reaching agreement on the revision of the "International Code of 
Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides," a new 
framework for pesticide use that would reflect health and 
environmental concerns more strongly. The meeting made progress on 
articles of the code increasing the emphasis on integrated pest 
management and removing reference to safe use of pesticides in 
order to reduce risks. However, delegates to the meeting 
reportedly failed to agree on an article dealing with the 
registration procedure of intellectual property rights. The 
article will be reviewed over the coming year, and the Code may be 
adopted by the next FAO governing conference in 2002. 

Links to further information

Reuters news service, 15 November 2001
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/13321/story.htm 

FAO press release, 14 November 2001
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/OIS/PRESS_NE/PRESSENG/2001/pren0191.htm 

CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERE

CLIMATE CHANGE TRIGGERS GENETIC CHANGES

Scientists have found genetic changes in mosquitoes that are 
responding to climate change. The finding, made by scientists at 
the University of Oregon, represents the first concrete evidence 
of animals' genes changing because of climate change. The 
mosquitoes' life cycle, which is genetically linked to the length 
of daylight, has altered over the last 30 years. Mosquitoes now 
enter into their dormant pupae stage, something they need to do to 
survive winter, 10 days later in the season. This represents a 
genetic adaptation to longer, warmer summers, as the mosquitoes 
have adjusted their genetic response to environmental cues for 
preparing for winter. 

Many plants and animals are already known to have adapted to a 
warming environment. With this study, scientists note there may be 
a genetic basis for the seasonal changes seen. Genetic evolution 
in response to climate change can be rapid, and the consequences 
widespread because of the links between predators and prey in 
ecosystems. Harmful effects have already been reported in some 
animals, such as birds of the British great tit species, which are 
running out of insects to feed their chicks because they are 
nesting after caterpillars that have turned already into 
butterflies.

Links to further information

BBC Online, 6 November 2001 
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1639000/1639284.stm 

New Scientist, 6 November 2001
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99991525 

OCEANS AND COASTS

JAPAN CRITICIZED OVER WHALING PRACTICES

Japan has started its annual hunt of minke whale and Dall's 
porpoise in November, in spite of concerns raised by the 
International Whaling Commission (IWC), as well as other 
governments and environmental groups. The U.S. and New Zealand 
have condemned the Japanese taking of 440 Southern Hemisphere 
minke whales for "scientific purposes," noting a significant 
decline in populations. However, Japan's Institute of Cetacean 
Research has defended the hunt, arguing that it produces valuable 
scientific information. Critics allege that the meat ends up at 
Japanese restaurants, rather than being used exclusively for 
scientific research.

The Japanese whaling fleet also began its hunt of Dall's porpoise, 
in spite of a resolution passed by the IWC calling for its halt 
until a population estimate has been carried out. Some estimates 
suggest that up to 18,000 porpoises are killed in Japanese waters 
each year, which would represent the largest kill of any whale, 
dolphin or porpoise in the world. Japan has reportedly declined to 
take part in the small cetacean subcommittee under the IWC 
Scientific Committee or to provide information on coastal 
cetaceans. According to environmental groups, the Dall's porpoise 
population is being severely over-hunted, and has appeared in 
Japanese supermarkets labeled as whale meat.

Links to further information

ENN Environmental News Service, 14 November 2001 
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2001/11/11142001/ap_45572.asp

ENN Environmental News Service, 1 November 2001 
http://enn.com/news/enn-stories/2001/11/11012001/s_45430.asp 

Environmental Investigation Agency reports
http://www.eia-international.org/Campaigns/Cetaceans/Updates/
index.html 

MEDITERRANEAN STATES PLEDGE TO CUT SEA POLLUTION

Mediterranean states have committed to implement "all necessary 
measures" to eliminate sea pollution from land-based sources by 
2025. The agreement, which was reached mid-November at the 12th 
Meeting of the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the 
Mediterranean Sea, applies to land-based sources of pollution, 
which account for an estimated 80 percent of total pollution in 
the Mediterranean. Ministers at the meeting also agreed to reduce 
emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by 50 percent by 
2005 and totally eliminate POPs pollution by 2010. Agreement was 
also reached on the preparation of a new legal framework on oil 
pollution, enabling governments to make use of modern technologies 
like satellites to monitor illegal washing by oil tankers and to 
take legal action against offenders. Other outcomes of this 
meeting include the addition of the Mediterranean Whale Sanctuary 
to the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean 
Importance (SPAMIs), and a deal to bind countries involved to 
create an effective management plan and to guarantee the long-term 
viability of the area. Delegates also adopted a joint declaration 
on the protection of the Mediterranean Sea that will be presented 
at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. 

Links to further information

WWF press release, 19 November 2001
http://www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm?id=2595 

COMINGS AND GOINGS

Information on key appointments, departures and vacancies at 
United Nations agencies, international organizations, government 
departments and non-governmental organizations active in the field 
of international environment and development negotiations

APPOINTMENTS

TÖPFER ELECTED FOR SECOND TERM

UNEP's Executive Director Klaus Töpfer has been re-elected by the 
UN General Assembly to head the Programme for a second four year 
term starting in February 2002. For more information visit: 
http://www.unep.org/Documents/Default.asp?DocumentID=225&ArticleID
=2960 

OECD ANNOUNCES DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL

OECD announced the appointment of Richard E. Hecklinger to the 
post of Deputy Secretary-General. Hecklinger, who is currently the 
U.S. Ambassador to Thailand, will begin work in his new post on 2 
January 2002. For more information visit: 
http://www.oecd.org/oecd/pages/home/displaygeneral/0,3380,EN-
document-0-nodirectorate-no-12-20958-0,FF.html 

FORMER COMMONWEALTH SECRETARY-GENERAL TO HEAD WWF 

Emeka Anyaoku, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth for two 
consecutive terms from 1990 to 2000, has been appointed the new 
International President of WWF. Anyaoku will start his term of 
office from January 2002. For more information visit: 
http://www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm?id=2583

IUCN APPOINTS EUROPEAN REGIONAL DIRECTOR

Tamas Marghescu has been appointed as the World Conservation 
Union's (IUCN's) Regional Director for Europe. During the past six 
years Marghescu has served as special advisor to Hungary's 
Ministry of the Environment, where he was engaged in a wide range 
of national and international policy issues, including 
establishing forest protected areas, conserving biodiversity and 
dealing with the environmental implications of European Union 
enlargement. For more information visit: 
http://www.iucn.org/info_and_news/press/newthisweek.html 

CIEL APPOINTS NEW EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Daniel Magraw has been appointed Executive Director and chief 
executive officer of the Center for International Environmental 
Law (CIEL). Magraw will be leaving his post as Associate General 
Counsel and Director of the International Environmental Law Office 
at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, where he has served 
since 1992, and will commence at CIEL on 1 January 2002. For more 
information visit: http://www.ciel.org/Announce/magraw_14Nov01.html 

VACANCIES

IUCN SEEKS ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ADVISOR

IUCN is looking to hire a Senior Advisor on Economics and the 
Environment. The position is based in Gland, Switzerland and the 
deadline for applications is 4 December 2001. More information is 
available online at: http://www.iucn.org/vacancies/econsradv.doc 

UNFPA SEEKS DIRECTOR FOR ASIA-PACIFIC DIVISION

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is seeking a Director 
for its Asia-Pacific Division. This D-2 position is based in New 
York and the closing date for applications is 6 December 2001. 
More information is available online at: 
http://www.unfpa.org/about/employment/posts/va-057-01.htm 

UCS SEEKS BIODIVERSITY OUTREACH SPECIALIST

The Union of Concerned Scientists is seeking a biodiversity 
outreach specialist for its Global Environment Program. The 
position is based in Washington, DC and review of applications 
start on 10 December 2001. More information is available online 
at: http://www.ucsusa.org

WFP ADVERTISES SENIOR ADVISOR POSITION

The World Food Programme (WFP) is looking for a Senior Programme 
Advisor in Food Technology and Nutrition. This is a P-5 position, 
based in Rome, Italy. The deadline for applications is 26 December 
2001. More information is available online at: 
http://www.wfp.org/contact_wfp/vacancies/roster/va_sp_2001-P5-101.pdf 

NEAR EAST FOUNDATION SEEKS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

The Near East Foundation is looking for an Executive Director to 
fundraise for community development projects in the Middle East 
and African countries. The position is based in New York. For more 
information visit: http://www.neareast.org/employment/ny1.htm 

SCIENCE COUNCILS SEEK GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME DIRECTOR

The International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International 
Social Science Council (ISSC) are inviting applications for the 
position of Executive Director of the International Human 
Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP). The 
IHDP Secretariat is located in Bonn, Germany and applications are 
due by 15 January 2002. For more information visit: 
http://www.uni-bonn.de/ihdp/jobannouncement.htm 

POSITIONS AVAILABLE AT FAO

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has a variety of 
professional positions available, mostly designated as P-3, P-4 
and P-5 level UN positions. Many of these positions are based in 
Rome. More information is available online at: 
http://www.fao.org/VA/Employ.htm

READINGS

New and recent book titles, articles and other literature on 
environment and development


JOURNALS

/Sustainable Development

"Policy-related research in the field of sustainable development: 
challenges and choices." International Review for Environmental 
Strategies 2 (1, 2001), pp. 37-42. This article by Rajendra 
Pachauri considers sustainable development research, suggesting 
that while there are seventy known definitions of sustainable 
development, there is little clarity on operationalizing the 
concept. The author argues that part of the reason decision-makers 
and leaders in various societies, as well as communities, have 
been unable to operationalize or measure sustainable development 
lies in the fact that research has not yet established the options 
that exist, nor has it determined the divergences that can be 
identified, for evaluating what is sustainable and what is not.

"Agroindustrialization, globalization, and international 
development: the environmental implications." Environment and 
Development Economics 6 (4, 2001), pp. 419-433. In this article, 
Christopher Barrett, Edward Barbier, and Thomas Reardon explore 
the concept of agroindustrialization, which they identify as 
comprising three related sets of changes: growth of commercial, 
off-farm agro-processing, distribution, and input provision 
activities; institutional and organizational change in the 
relations between farms and firms both upstream and downstream, 
such as a marked increased in vertical integration and contract-
based procurement; and related changes in product composition, 
technologies, and sectoral and market structure. The article seeks 
to fill an apparent gap with regard to general analysis of the 
pathways by which such effects might occur, or of the instruments 
governments might have at their disposal to influence these 
pathways. Several other articles in the same issue of Environment 
and Development Economics provide specific case studies and 
commentaries. 

"Environmental security and the recombinant human: sustainability 
in the twenty-first century." Environmental Values 10 (3, 2001), 
pp. 289-299. This article by Michael Redclift examines the 
concepts of security and sustainability as used in contemporary 
environmental discourses. The author argues that, although the 
importance of the environment has been increasingly acknowledged 
since the 1970s, there has been a failure to incorporate other 
discourses surrounding "nature." In his opinion, the implications 
of the "new genetics," prompted by research into recombinant DNA, 
requires future approaches to sustainability to be more cognizant 
of changes in "our" nature, as well as those of "external" nature, 
the environment. 

/Biodiversity

"Biosafety and international trade: conflict or convergence?" 
International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 1 (1, 2001), 
pp. 87-103. Thomas Cors discusses the regulatory issue of 
addressing biotechnology under either the WTO regime or the 
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. He focuses on how the 
precautionary principle is addressed in each agreement, and 
considers multilateral developments for the conservation of 
biological diversity under the Biosafety Protocol as well as 
international trade, focusing on the WTO's Agreement on Sanitary 
and Phytosanitary Measures. He then examines the treatment of the 
precautionary principle under the WTO and the Biosafety Protocol, 
and concludes by considering how a conflict of international law 
would be resolved between the SPS agreement and the Biosafety 
Protocol.

"Transgenic crops and the environment: missing markets and public 
roles." Environment and Development Economics 6 (4, 2001), pp. 
435-457. This article by Sandra Batie and David Ervin argues that 
rapid change has left scant opportunity for investigation of the 
long-term consequences of transgenic crops on ecosystems or 
economic systems. The authors argue that economic theory suggests 
public goods will be neglected if the "Biotechnology Revolution" 
is left to market forces alone, as there are significant 
incentives for private firms to discount and neglect certain 
environmental impacts and to develop products that only meet the 
needs of those able and willing to pay. In addition, negative 
distributional impacts on rural societies and economies, and the 
long-term problems of insect and plant resistance, are unlikely to 
be factored in to the equation. The authors call for enhanced 
public roles with respect to the use of transgenic crops, 
supporting a precautionary approach in public policies addressing 
transgenic crops as one alternative to ensure that public concerns 
are taken into account.

/International Environmental Negotiations

"NGOs and state capacity in international environmental 
negotiations: the experience of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 
2001." Review of European Community and International 
Environmental Law (RECIEL) 10 (2, 2001), pp. 168-176. This article 
by Pamela Chasek examines the problems that many countries - 
especially developing countries and small countries - face in 
multilateral environmental negotiations. The article, which is 
intended as a 'think piece' generating discussion and determining 
a course for further research in this area, contains a case study 
and survey on the role of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin - the 
sister publication of Linkages Journal - at international 
meetings.

"NGO influence in international environmental negotiations: a 
framework for analysis" and "A comparative look at NGO influence 
in international environmental negotiations: desertification and 
climate change." Global Environmental Politics 1 (4, 2001), pp. 
65-85 and 86-107. These two articles by Elisabeth Corell and 
Michele Betsill examine the NGO influence in international 
environmental negotiations. Noting that NGO participation does not 
automatically translate into influence in decision-making 
processes, the first article proposes a framework for how to 
analyze NGO influence. With the help of a set of indicators, 
observers can assess NGO influence in the process and outcome of 
negotiations. The second article demonstrates the utility of the 
framework by applying it to two cases: the negotiations of the 
1994 Desertification Convention and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The 
same research strategy, used in both cases, provides comparable 
research results. The article concludes by highlighting the goal 
of this exercise: to discuss the factors that affect NGO influence 
in international environmental negotiations. Based on the 
comparison of the desertification and climate change cases, the 
authors found five such factors. The nature, history and framing 
of the issue under negotiation all impact NGO influence. The 
political opportunity structure and the profile of participating 
NGOs also have consequences for NGOs' ability to influence 
negotiations. The authors suggest that awareness of these five 
factors can be useful for NGOs wishing to influence a particular 
negotiation.

/Trade and Environment

"Free trade and the environment-development system." Ecological 
Economics 39 (1, 2001), pp. 21-36. In this article, Brantley 
Liddle focuses on a simulation model to analyze the trade-
environment-development system. Based on the model, the author 
finds that the benefits of trade depend on country endowments and 
that the pollution effects of trade are closely tied to the 
benefits of trade. The model generally shows higher pollution 
levels under free trade than autarky. However, the results do not 
support the pollution haven hypothesis that trade causes less 
pollution in developed countries and more pollution in developing 
ones. Some developing countries produce more of the pollution-
intensive good, but ultimately consume less pollution under 
autarky because they have higher per capita income and thus invest 
more heavily in environmental upgrading under autarky. 

/Transboundary Waste Management

"Institutions for management of transboundary water resources: 
their nature, characteristics and shortcomings." Water Policy 3 
(3, 2001), pp. 229-255. This article by N. Kliot, D. Shmueli and 
U. Shamir, examines the evolution, structure and characteristics 
of the management systems of 12 transboundary river basins: the 
Mekong, Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Nile, Jordan, Danube, Elbe, Rio 
Grande and Colorado, Rio de la Plata, Senegal and Niger. The 
authors present the legal principles that guide the legal regimes 
governing the rivers, particularly the principle of equitable use 
of transboundary water resources and the obligation not to cause 
harm in the management of transboundary water resources. 

/Wildlife

"Measuring the productivity of threatened-species programmes." 
Ecological Economics 39 (1, 2001), pp. 53-66. In this article, 
Ross Cullen, Geoffrey Fairburn and Kenneth Hughey evaluate the 
effectiveness and cost efficiency of threatened-species 
programmes, noting that such expenditures are increasing in many 
countries. Stressing the need for a versatile unit of output in 
order to evaluate the programmes, the paper reports on how an 
output measure, COPY, and Cost-Utility Analysis methodology, are 
applied to evaluate New Zealand's threatened-species programmes. 
Programme effectiveness, cost, and cost-utility ratios are 
presented, with results showing wide divergences between the 
various programmes studied. The authors conclude that cost-utility 
analysis provides a practical means to evaluate the productive 
efficiency of many threatened-species programmes.

/Women

"Fighting violence against women." Development 44 (3, 2001), pp. 
6-8. In this article, Lenore Manderson studies the impact of 
violence on all areas of women's lives. She argues that the main 
challenge is to change the culture of masculinity that underpins 
male-female relationships and facilitates or excuses gender-based 
violence.

"Needed: a culture of masculinity for the fulfillment of human 
rights." Development 44 (3, 2001), pp. 48-53. Ruth Finney Hayward 
argues that the prevailing culture of masculinity leads to 
violence against women and girls and puts the healthy development 
of the next generation at risk. She calls on men and boys as 
partners to end gender violence, define new models of masculinity, 
and promote gender equality, exploring the benefits and risks of 
such action or lack of action. 

NEW PUBLICATIONS

/Climate Change

Climate Change: Science, Strategies, and Solutions (Brill Academic 
Publishers 2001) Edited by Eileen Claussen, Vicki Arroyo Cochran 
and Debra P. Davis, this book contains sections on the science and 
impacts of climate change, global strategies, economics, 
innovative solutions and current developments. Released by the Pew 
Center on Global Climate Change, the book focuses on: the 
increasingly strong scientific evidence that human activities are 
indeed changing our climate; present and projected impacts of 
climate change on agriculture, sea level, and water resources; the 
five key determinants that explain the major differences in 
projected costs of addressing climate change; the state of the 
U.S. and international political discussions, and the development 
of policy instruments to address this problem; and what nations, 
states, cities, and companies are currently doing to control the 
greenhouse gas emissions. For more information visit: 
http://www.pewclimate.org/book/index.cfm

Designing Climate Policy - the Challenge of the Kyoto Protocol 
(Service Fachverlag 2001). This book, edited by Hanns Abele, 
Thomas Heller, and Stefan Schleicher, has been released by the 
Austrian Council on Climate Change. It contains chapters by 
Stephen Schneider, Stanford University, on the climate for 
greenhouse policy in the U.S. and the incorporation of 
uncertainties into integrated assessments, and by Peter Hammond, 
Stanford University, on how to limit greenhouse gas emissions - 
lessons from public economic theory. Also, Andries Nentjes of the 
University of Groningen has written on design options for flexible 
instruments, Resources for the Future's William Pizer has 
contributed a chapter on designing climate policy to address 
uncertainty, and Josef Janssen of the University of St. Gallen has 
examined whether international emissions trading jeopardizes joint 
implementation.

International Emission Trading - from Concept to Reality 
(International Energy Agency 2001). This book by the International 
Energy Agency (IEA) provides a review of emissions trading, moving 
from a "perfect" system envisaged in economic models to a more 
realistic view of how trading can actually work. The book 
incorporates results from market experiments and modeling 
undertaken by the IEA and other institutions, providing in-depth 
consideration of implications for the power-generation sector. It 
also contemplates how developing countries could be included in a 
future trading regime. The analysis includes assessments of the 
"commitment period reserve" agreed at COP-6 Part II in July and of 
the CO2 market without the United States. For more information 
visit: http://www.iea.org/public/studies/trading.htm 

/Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and 
Development 2001/2002 (Earthscan 2001, published in cooperation 
with the Fridtjof Nansen Institute). This encyclopedia contains 
updated, systematic descriptions of the main international 
agreements on environment and sustainable development, as well as 
of IGOs and NGOs dealing with environmental issues. Country 
profiles of all OECD countries and 10 major non-OECD countries are 
also included. In addition, the Yearbook contains a number of 
articles focusing on: UN fragmentation and co-ordination in global 
environmental governance; whether the ISO environmental standards 
are the industry's gift to a polluted globe or a "competition-
killing" strategy on the part of the developed world; the 1999 
Multi-Effects Protocol of the Convention on Long-Range 
Transboundary Air Pollution and whether it could be considered as 
the most sophisticated environmental agreement ever negotiated; 
the development of the Basel Convention, its links with other 
international agreements, and its future prospects; how the UN 
Fish Stocks Agreement can contribute to ensuring the continued 
availability of the ocean's fishery resources; and how the World 
Bank could succeed in integrating environmental concerns in its 
lending practices. For more information visit: 
http://www.earthscan.co.uk/asp/bookdetails.asp?key=3484. To access 
the corresponding website providing a guide to major instruments 
and players in the sustainable development process, visit: 
http://www.greenyearbook.org

/Population

UNFPA State of the World Population 2001: Footprints and 
Milestones - Population and Environmental Change (UNFPA, November 
2001). This volume of the annual UN Population Fund report 
examines the links between environmental conditions, population 
trends and prospects for alleviating poverty in developing 
countries. It discusses the relationship of poverty, over-
population and environmental degradation, and presents current 
statistics and projections into the future. For more information 
visit: http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2001/english/index.html 

/Trade and Investment

Public Subsidies and Policy Failures: How Subsidies Distort the 
Natural Environment, Equity and Trade and How to Reform (Edward 
Elgar 2001). In this book, Cees van Beers and Andre de Moor 
demonstrate how public subsidies can harm the environment, distort 
trade, and benefit those in society who do not require support. 
The authors propose policy strategies and international "Grand 
Deals" in key sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, energy and 
forestry, which they suggest may result in effective subsidy 
reforms. They also propose the establishment of new international 
structures to institutionalize the review and reform of subsidies. 
The authors conclude by arguing that subsidy reform, and in 
particular the "Grand Deals," should be placed at top of the WSSD 
agenda, and urge political leadership and determination in 
eliminating unsustainable policies at this meeting. 

Sustainable Finance and Banking: The Financial Sector and the 
Future of the Planet (Earthscan 2001). This book by Marcel Jeucken 
provides an account of banking and finance, their role in public 
policy, economic performance, commerce and industry, and 
implications for sustainable development. The author notes that 
those working in the financial sector are generally unaware of the 
rationale and pressures for sustainable development and its 
bearing on their work, while those in the relevant research and 
policy areas commonly overlook how vital the financial sector is 
for progress. Jeucken therefore provides a comprehensive account 
of their interdependence, including why the financial sector is 
crucial to achieving sustainability and why the "triple bottom 
line" of commercial, environmental and social success provides a 
path forward for the banking sector. From a systematic assessment 
of major banks around the world, he presents an account of current 
best practice, an analysis of the differences in approach and 
performance, and recommendations of actions and policies for 
improved performance that could contribute to sustainable 
development. For more information visit: 
http://www.earthscan.co.uk/asp/bookdetails.asp?key=3488

WHAT'S NEW ONLINE

/Sustainable Development

E-Commerce and Development Report 2001 (UNCTAD, November 2001). 
This publication reviews trends and discusses the impact of e-
commerce on the global economy and on such economic sectors as 
tourism and finance. It considers legal and regulatory issues 
arising from the advent of the electronic age and is intended 
largely as a guide for developing countries in putting the digital 
revolution to work for them. It is also intended as, inter alia, a 
reference tool for policy makers and practitioners in developing 
countries and for the UN Information and Communications Technology 
(ICT) Task Force. The report is available online at: 
http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/ps1ecdr01.en.htm 

Farming Systems and Poverty: Improving Farmers' Livelihoods in a 
Changing World (FAO and World Bank, November 2001). This new 
report has been produced as part of the World Bank Rural 
Development Strategy. It notes that although small farmers produce 
much of the developing world's food, they are generally poorer and 
less food secure than the urban poor. Farming populations are 
projected to remain at their current levels over the next 30 
years, and the report stresses that investment priorities and 
policies must take into account the diversity of opportunities and 
problems facing small farmers. The study builds on numerous case 
studies from various regions to build a farming systems approach 
as a framework for understanding the needs of those living within 
the system. The report identifies global challenges, opportunities 
and priorities, and provides an outline for how to move forward. 
The report is available online at: 
http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/ 

Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth (Earth Policy 
Institute 2001). This book by Lester Brown sets out how the 
transition to an eco-economy could occur. Brown identifies both 
sunset and sunrise industries, and outlines current developments 
in the world in this regard. Among the sunset industries are coal 
mining, oil pumping, clearcut logging, and the manufacture of 
internal combustion engines and throwaway products. Among the 
sunrise industries are wind turbine manufacturing, hydrogen 
generation, fuel cell manufacturing, solar cell manufacturing, 
light rail construction, reforestation, and fish farming. The 
author stresses population stability, changing the materials 
economy from linear flow-through to comprehensive recycling and 
environmental tax reform as other key characteristics of an eco-
economy. He states that building an eco-economy represents the 
greatest investment opportunity in history, but notes that 
companies need to have the "vision" to take advantage of this 
opportunity. He concludes by noting that almost all the components 
for an eco-economy can be found in at least one country, and 
argues that the challenge ahead is for each country to put all the 
pieces of an eco-economy together. The book is available free-of-
charge online at: http://www.earth-policy.org/Books/index.htm 

/Johannesburg Summit

In preparation for the WSSD, the International Institute for 
Environment and Development (IIED) has produced a new series, The 
Future is Now, to explore lessons from the past and options for 
the future. The second title of four publications, entitled Equity 
for a Small Planet, is now available. It contains chapters on 
particular situations that have more generally applicable lessons 
and raise a number of critical challenges that it argues should 
underpin the outcome at WSSD. These chapters address: standards 
and certification - a leap forward or a step back for sustainable 
development; corporate-community partnerships: fair deals or 
public relations; regoverning markets - market access for small 
producers; silver bullet or fools' gold - can markets for 
environmental services help conserve forests and reduce poverty; 
investment for sustainable development - the public/private 
interface. To access the report visit: 
http://www.iied.org/pdf/tfin_Volume2.pdf

/Climate Change

After Marrakesh: The Regionalization of the Kyoto Protocol (CEPS 
November 2001). The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) has 
produced a brief commentary on the implications of the Marrakesh 
Accords. The authors, Thomas Legge and Christian Egenhofer, argue 
that the international climate regime will become regionalized, 
with the European Union playing the defining role. The commentary 
is available online at: 
http://www.ceps.be/Commentary/Nov01/Marrakech.htm 

UNEP/GRID-Arendal has launched a new Climate Change Portal. As 
UNEP's gateway to new and updated climate change information, the 
Portal provides: greenhouse gas emission graphs showing emissions 
for each Annex I country; an interactive map service presenting 
national achievements towards reaching the Kyoto Protocol 
commitments; the latest assessments from the IPCC; an interactive 
climate model that lets website visitors experiment with and learn 
about climate change; and information on climate change 
categorized for quick reference. To access the Portal, visit: 
http://climatechange.unep.net

Corporate Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets (Pew Center 2001). 
Prepared by Michael Margolick and Doug Russell for the Pew Center 
on Global Climate Change, the report uses case studies from 
various companies that have established climate-related targets 
for reducing their emissions and/or energy use to show how the 
adoption of such targets, along with concerted efforts to meet 
them, can help improve performance and bottom-line results. All of 
the profiled companies view their efforts to set and meet climate-
related targets as a way to reduce production costs and enhance 
product sales. The companies also report that, in working to 
achieve their targets, they are improving their prospects for 
success under future regulatory and market environments. The 
report is available online at: 
http://www.pewclimate.org/projects/ghg_targets.cfm 

/Trade and Environment

UNEP's Economics and Trade Unit has released two new papers 
entitled Economic Reforms, Trade Liberalization and the 
Environment: a Synthesis of UNEP Country Projects and Enhancing 
Synergies and Mutual Supportiveness of Multilateral Environmental 
Agreements (MEAs) and the WTO. The two documents summarize key 
elements of the work undertaken over the last two years by UNEP's 
Economics and Trade Unit on concrete linkages between trade, 
environment and development. Both reports are available at: 
http://www.unep.ch/etu/doha/papers.htm

/Women

Women's Action Agenda for a Healthy Planet 2002 and A Women's 
Dialogue Paper have been prepared under the auspices of the 
Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) and the 
REDEH Network for Human Development. The first report focuses on 
ten key themes, providing an overview, possible solutions and 
benchmarks and mechanisms in relation to each theme. The themes 
are: governance and sustainable development; globalization and the 
claim for transparency and accountability in the institutions of 
the global system; socio-environmental dimensions of conflicts and 
the arms race - the role of women in peace building; tensions 
between free market ideology and sustainable production and 
consumption goals; women's right to access and control of global 
public goods; women's sexual and reproductive health and rights 
and the environment; environmental security - protecting the 
health of present and future generations; protection of 
biodiversity, indigenous knowledge and resources; gender dimension 
of sustainable cities; and gaps and opportunities in education, 
communication and information technologies.

The second paper, prepared at the request of the Commission on 
Sustainable Development, compiles the perspectives of women as a 
major group based on input from women's groups engaged in 
implementing Agenda 21. These documents represent works in 
progress, and comments are welcomed. Both papers are available at: 
http://www.wedo.org/ 

UPCOMING MEETINGS

Information on upcoming conferences, workshops and symposia in the 
field of international environment and development negotiations

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

MEETINGS OF THE OPEN-ENDED INTERGOVERNMENTAL GROUP OF MINISTERS OR 
THEIR REPRESENTATIVES ON INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: 
The fourth and fifth IEG meetings will be held on 1 December 2001 
in Montreal and at the end of January 2002 in New York prior to 
the second PrepCom for the WSSD. The next special session of the 
UNEP Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum will 
take place 13-15 February 2002 in Cartagena, Colombia. For more 
information contact: Masa Nagai; tel: +254-2-623493; e-mail: 
Masa.Nagai@unep.org; Internet: http://www.unep.org/IEG/ 

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT FORUM: This forum will be held on 5 
December 2001 in Vienna, Austria. The theme of the event is 
"Fighting marginalization through sustainable industrial 
development: Challenges and opportunities in a globalizing world." 
For more information contact: e-mail: HKuniyoshi@unido.org; 
Internet: http://www.unido.org/doc/441665.htmls 

WRI FIFTH ANNUAL SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISE SUMMIT: This World 
Resources Institute Summit will take place from 5-6 December 2001 
in Washington DC, USA. Entitled "Sustainability as the Next 
Business Driver," this event will highlight innovations that 
deliver environmental and social performance, and create financial 
growth and competitive advantage. For more information visit: 
http://www.wri.org/meb/wrisummit/summit01.html 

2001 BERLIN CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL 
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: This conference will be held from 7-8 
December 2001 in Berlin, Germany. Entitled "Global Environmental 
Change and the Nation State," the conference will examine the 
interlinkages between global and national environmental politics, 
and look at new forms of global environmental governance that link 
global institutions with a significant degree of national 
decision-making. For more information visit: 
http://www.environmental-policy.de 

UN OFFICIAL LAUNCH OF THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MOUNTAINS 2002: 
This launch will be held on 11 December 2001 in New York. The 
launch will include a week-long series of events, a panel 
discussion with prominent mountain experts and a variety of 
cultural activities. For more information visit: 
http://www.mountain.org/ 

FOURTH SESSION OF THE PREPCOM ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 
FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: This meeting will convene from 14-25 
January 2002, at UN headquarters in New York. For information 
contact: Financing for Development Coordinating Secretariat; tel: 
+1-212-963-2587; e-mail: ffd@un.org; Internet: 
http://www.un.org/ffd

SECOND MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT BOARD MEETING: This meeting 
will take place from 14-16 January 2002 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 
For more information contact: Valerie Thompson, Interim MA 
Secretariat; tel: +1-202-729-7794; e-mail: 
info@millenniumassessment.org; Internet: 
http://www.millenniumassessment.org 

UNEP FINANCE INITIATIVE REGIONAL OUTREACH EVENT FOR AFRICA: This 
UNEP-FI event will take place from 28-29 January 2002 in Midrand, 
South Africa. The conference will seek to address the role of the 
African financial sector in sustainable development. For more 
information contact: Niamh O'Sullivan; tel: +41-22-917-8178; e-
mail: niamh.o.Sullivan@unep.ch

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM ANNUAL MEETING 2002: For the first time in 
its 31-year history, the World Economic Forum will conduct its 
Annual Meeting outside of Davos, Switzerland. Next year's annual 
meeting will take place from 31 January - 4 February 2002 in New 
York. Experts, business and political leaders will gather to 
address key economic, political and societal issues. For more 
information contact: Charles McLean, Communications and Public 
Affairs; e-mail: public.affairs@weforum.org; Internet: 
http://www.weforum.org/site/homepublic.nsf/Content/Annual+Meeting+
2002 

SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER QUALITY: This conference 
will take place from 6-8 February 2002 in New Delhi, India. For 
more information contact: S.P. Kauhish; tel: +91-11-611-5984; 
e-mail: cbip@nda.vsnl.net.in; Internet: http://www.cbip.org 

EARTH DIALOGUES - GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - IS 
ETHICS THE MISSING LINK?: This event will take place from 21-23 
February 2002 in Lyon, France. Organized by Green Cross 
International, Earth Dialogues will provide a forum for 
constructive debate on the world's most acute problems. 
Participants will share their views on how to forge the essential 
links between globalisation, sustainable development and ethics. 
For more information contact: Earth Dialogues Secretariat; tel: 
+41-22-789-1662; e-mail: secretariat@gci.ch; Internet: 
http://www.greencrossinternational.net/pdf/Earth_Dialogue.pdf 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY AND 
CONSERVATION: This conference will take place from 28 February - 2 
March 2002 at the Bundelkhand University Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, 
India. It will look at shaping ecotourism for the third 
millennium. For more information contact: e-mail: 
tvsingh@sancharnet.in 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLOOD ESTIMATION: This meeting will be 
held from 6-8 March 2002 in Bern, Switzerland. The conference is 
aimed at presenting and discussing the latest developments within 
the field of flood estimation for micro- and meso-scale 
catchments. For more information contact: tel: +41-31-324-2748;  
e-mail: floodestimation@bwg.admin.ch; Internet: 
http://hydrant.unibe.ch/veranstaltungen/flood/flood01.htm 

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - VOICES OF THE SOUTH 
AND NORTH: This international conference is scheduled to take 
place from 16-20 March 2002 in Alexandria, Egypt. It is co-
sponsored by the Government of Egypt, FAO, UNESCO, World Bank and 
OECD, among other institutions. For more information visit: 
http://www.egyptbiotech2001.com/ 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: The UN 
International Conference on Financing for Development will be held 
from 18-22 March 2002 in Monterrey, Mexico. It will bring together 
high-level representatives from governments, the United Nations, 
and other leading international trade, finance and development-
related organizations. For more information contact: Harris 
Gleckman, Coordinating Secretariat; tel: +1-212-963-4690; e-mail: 
gleckman@un.org or Federica Pietracci, tel: +1-212-963-8497; 
e-mail: pietracci@un.org; Internet: http://www.un.org/esa/ffd 

FOURTH INTERNATIONAL FRIEND CONFERENCE - BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN 
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: This UNESCO FRIEND (Flow Regimes from 
International Experimental and Network Data) conference will be 
held from 18-22 March 2002 in Cape Town, South Africa. The 
objective of this event is to present the results of the FRIEND 
programme, which has stimulated international cooperation in the 
field of hydrology. The conference will focus on bridging the gap 
between knowledge, research and practical applications. For more 
information visit: 
http://www.ru.ac.za/institutes/iwr/friend/index.html

WORLD WATER CONGRESS 2002: This congress will take place from 7-12 
April 2002 in Melbourne, Australia. It is being organized by the 
International Water Association, and will focus on issues such as 
water cycle management, particularly in South-East Asia. For more 
information contact: Secretariat, Quitz Event Management; tel: 
+61-02-9410-1302; fax: +61-02-9410-0036; e-mail: 
quitz@bigpond.net.au; Internet: http://www.enviroaust.net/ 

HIGH SUMMIT 2002 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AROUND THE CONTINENTS' 
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS: This global event will take place from 6-10 May 
2002. It consists of a simultaneous video conference broadcast with 
continuous live internet feeds from places close to the five 
highest peaks in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and 
Africa. Experts, policy makers and stakeholders from the 
mountainous areas of the different continents will meet from 
different sites to discuss most significant topics regarding 
today's mountain realities: water, culture, economy, risk, and 
policy. For more information contact: e-mail: 
evk2cnr.2002@montagna.org; Internet: http://www.montagna.org/ 

INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT: The fourth 
UNEP International Children's Conference on the Environment will 
take place in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada from 22-24 May 
2002. The conference is expected to bring together 800 children 
from 10 to 12 years of age from over 115 countries, who will learn 
about and discuss the state of the environment and showcase 
environmental initiatives by schools. The conference will also 
produce a statement from children to the world leaders who will 
meet for the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The town of 
Ledyard, Connecticut, USA, is expected to host the event in 2003. 
For more information contact: Theodore Oben, Children, Youth and 
Sport Programmes, UNEP, Nairobi; tel: +254-2-623262; e-mail: 
theodore.oben@unep.org; Internet: 
http://www.unep.org/children_youth/ 

INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS: This meeting will be 
held from 5-7 June 2002 in Huaraz, Peru. It is entitled "The 
Tropical Mountains toward 2020: Water, Life, and Production." For 
more information contact: Maria Cecilia Rozas; e-mail: 
mrozas@rree.gob.pe; Internet: 
http://www.mtnforum.org/calendar/events/0206imma.htm 

SESSION ON MOUNTAINS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT: This meeting will take 
place from 22-26 July 2002 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The session 
will look at the relationship between mountains and urban 
development and focus on urban growth and political power 
structures, and the role of towns in interregional exchange 
systems. For more information contact: Jean-François Bergier; tel: 
+41-91-912-4705; e-mail: admin@isalp.unisi.ch; Internet: 
http://www.isalp.unisi.ch/gen/mountains_urban.htm 

THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT 
RESEARCH: This meeting will take place from 22-25 July 2002 in 
Dresden, Germany, and will be the third international conference 
in the series on water resources and environment research. The aim 
of the conference is to encourage and facilitate interdisciplinary 
communication among scientists, engineers and professionals 
working in the fields of ecological systems, sustainable 
management, development of water resources and conservation of 
natural systems. For more information contact: Cathleen Schimmek, 
Conference Secretariat; tel: +49-351-463-33931; e-mail: 
icwrer2002@mailbox.tu-dresden.de; Internet: 
http://www.tu-dresden.de/fghhihm/hydrologie.html

2002 WORLD ORGANIC CONGRESS - CULTIVATING COMMUNITIES: This event 
will be held from 21-28 August 2002 in Victoria, British Columbia, 
Canada. Organized by the International Federation of Organic 
Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), the event is expected to bring 
farmers, researchers, advisors, food processors, traders, 
certifiers, policy makers and consumers and everyone else 
interested in organic agriculture and sustainable development. For 
more information contact: tel: +1-250-655-5652; e-mail: 
ifoam2002@cog.ca; Internet: http://www.cog.ca/ifoam2002/


FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE - MANAGEMENT 
OF AQUIFER RECHARGE FOR SUSTAINABILITY: This symposium will be 
held from 22-26 September 2002 in Adelaide, Australia. For more 
information contact: Hartley Management Group; e-mail: 
isar4@hartleymgt.com.au; Internet: 
http://www.hartleymgt.com.au/isar4/

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN HYDROLOGY: This conference will 
take place from 14-18 October 2002 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 
theme for this meeting is "Induced Problems in Urban Environment 
Requiring Holistic Solutions for the New Millennium." For more 
information contact: Hj. Mohd. Nor Bin Hj. Mohd; tel: +603-4255-
2507; e-mail: htckl@pop.moa.my; Internet: 
http://htc.moa.my/htc/icuh2002/icuh2002.html

THIRD WORLD WATER FORUM: This meeting will take place from 16-23 
March 2003 in Kyoto, Japan. A Ministerial Conference will be held 
during the Forum, where Ministers will work towards framing and 
adopting a political declaration concerning global water problems. 
For more information contact: Secretariat, Tokyo; tel: +81-3-5212-
1645; e-mail: office@water-forum3.com; Internet: 
http://www.worldwaterforum.org 

19TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE (ICID): 
This congress will be held in Beijing, China from 10-18 September 
2005. For more information contact: Chinese National Committee on 
Irrigation and Drainage, No. 20 West Chegongzhuang Road, Beijing 
100044, China; tel: +86-10-6841-5522/6841-6506; e-mail: 
cncid@iwhr.com 

PREPARATIONS FOR THE JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT 2002

2001 ASIA-PACIFIC EARTH CHARTER CONFERENCE: This conference is 
taking place from 29 November - 2 December 2001 in Brisbane, 
Australia. It will seek to promote awareness, acceptance, and 
adoption of the Earth Charter for the Asia-Pacific Region. The 
conference will also contribute to the region's preparations for 
the WSSD, which is scheduled to take place in Johannesburg in 
2002. For more information contact: Clem Campbell; tel: +61-7-
5429-5401; e-mail: clemcampbell@optusnet.com.au; Internet: 
http://www.gu.edu.au/centre/kceljag/eljag/04_events/nov2001earthch
arter/earth_charter.htm

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRESHWATER: This conference, hosted by 
the German Federal Environment Ministry and the German Federal 
Ministry for Development Cooperation, will be held from 3-7 
December 2001 in Bonn, Germany. It will serve as preparation for 
the WSSD, and will review Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 focusing on 
freshwater issues. For more information contact: Angelika Wilcke, 
Conference Secretariat; tel: +49-228-28046-57; e-mail: info@water-
2001.de; Internet: http://www.water-2001.de 

GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON OCEANS AND COASTS AT RIO+10 - ASSESSING 
PROGRESS, ADDRESSING CONTINUING AND NEW CHALLENGES: This 
conference will be held from 3-7 December 2001 in Paris, France. 
It is intended to provide an overall assessment of progress 
achieved on oceans and coasts since the Earth Summit and to 
provide input to the discussions by governments at the WSSD in 
Johannesburg next September. For more information contact: 
Catherine Johnston; tel: +1-302-831- 8086; fax: +1-302-831-3668; 
e-mail: johnston@udel.edu; Internet: 
http://www.udel.edu/CMS/csmp/rio+10/ 

SOUTHERN NGO SUMMIT: This summit will take place in January 2002 
in preparation for the WSSD; the exact date is yet to be 
determined. For more information contact: Esmeralda Brown, 
Southern Caucus Chairperson, New York; tel: +1-212-682-3633; fax: 
+1-212-682-5354; e-mail: ebrown@gbgm-umc.org 

SIXTH MEETING OF THE BUREAU OF CSD-10: The Sixth Meeting of the 
Bureau is scheduled for 27 January 2002 in New York. For more 
information contact: Andrey Vasilyev, DESA; tel: +1-212-963-5949; 
fax: +1-212-963-4260; e-mail: vasilyev@un.org 

SECOND PREPARATORY SESSION FOR THE 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON 
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: This meeting will take place from 28 
January - 8 February 2002 at the UN HQ in New York. It will review 
the results of national and regional preparatory processes, 
examine the main policy report of the Secretary-General, and 
convene a Multi-stakeholder Dialogue. For more information 
contact: Andrey Vasilyev, DESA; tel: +1-212-963-5949; fax: +1-212-
963-4260; e-mail: vasilyev@un.org; Major groups contact: Zehra 
Aydin-Sipos, DESA; tel: +1-212-963-8811; fax: +1-212-963-1267; 
e-mail: aydin@un.org; Internet: http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ 

DELHI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUMMIT 2002: This meeting will be 
held from 9-11 February 2002 in New Delhi, India. The theme will 
be "Ensuring sustainable livelihoods: challenges for governments, 
corporates, and civil society at Rio+10." For more information 
visit: http://www.teriin.org/dsds/index.htm 

LOCAL AGENDA TO ACTION - BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: This 
international local government preparatory meeting will take place 
from 22 February - 1 March 2002 in North Vancouver, Canada. 
Organized by the International Council for Local Environmental 
Initiatives, this event will be a key international opportunity 
for local government leaders to plan for the Johannesburg Summit. 
For more information contact: Elena Lonero; e-mail: 
elonero@iclei.org; Internet: http://www.iclei.org/rioplusten/ 

SUSTAINING OUR COMMUNITIES - INTERNATIONAL LOCAL AGENDA 21 
CONFERENCE: This conference will take place from 3-6 March 2002 in 
Adelaide, Australia. This conference will provide a forum to 
discuss approaches to sustainable development and advise 
Australia's input to the Johannesburg Summit 2002. For more 
information contact: Malcolm Prowse, Conference Organizer; tel: 
+617-320-0675; e-mail: malcolmpro@msn.com.au; Internet: 
http://www.adelaide.sa.gov.au/soc/ 

UNEP GLOBAL YOUTH FORUM - GYF2002: This event will be held from 
22-31 March 2002 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by UNEP and 
hosted by Danish organization - Nature and Youth (Natur og 
Ungdom), this forum will be a youth event leading up to the WSSD. 
It will build on the Youth Conference on Environment and 
Sustainable Development held in Borgholm, Sweden from 23-27 May 
2001. For more information contact: e-mail: theodore.oben@unep.org 
or landskontoret@natur-og-ungdom.dk 

THIRD PREPARATORY SESSION FOR THE 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE 
DEVELOPMENT: This meeting will take place at UN HQ in New York 
from 25 March - 5 April 2002. It will aim to produce the first 
draft of a "review" document and elements of the CSD's future work 
programme. For more information contact: Andrey Vasilyev, DESA; 
tel: +1-212-963-5949; fax: +1-212-963-4260; e-mail: 
vasilyev@un.org; Major groups contact: Zehra Aydin-Sipos, DESA; 
tel: +1-212-963-8811; fax: +1-212-963-1267; e-mail: aydin@un.org; 
Internet: http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ 

FOURTH PREPARATORY SESSION FOR THE 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON 
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: This meeting will take place from 27 May 
- 7 June 2002 in Indonesia. It will include Ministerial and Multi-
stakeholder Dialogue Segments, and is expected to result in 
elements for a concise political document to be submitted to the 
2002 Summit. For more information contact: Andrey Vasilyev, DESA, 
New York; tel: +1-212-963-5949; e-mail: vasilyev@un.org; Major 
groups contact: Zehra Aydin-Sipos, DESA; tel: +1-212-963-8811;  
e-mail: aydin@un.org; Internet: http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ 

WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: The World Summit on 
Sustainable Development will take place in Johannesburg, South 
Africa, from 2-11 September 2002. For more information contact: 
Andrey Vasilyev, DESA, New York; tel: +1-212-963-5949; e-mail: 
vasilyev@un.org; Major groups contact: Zehra Aydin-Sipos, DESA; 
tel: +1-212-963-8811; e-mail: aydin@un.org; Internet: 
http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ 

BIODIVERSITY

NINTH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND 
AGRICULTURE: CGRFA-9 will meet in 2002 in Rome at a date yet to be 
determined. For more information contact: FAO; tel: +39-06-5705-
2287; Internet: 
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/cgrfa/meetings.htM

AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON THE INTERLINKAGES BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL 
DIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: This meeting will take place in 
January 2002 in Helsinki, Finland. For more information contact: 
CBD Secretariat, Montreal, Canada: tel: +1-514-288-2220; fax: +1-
514-288-6588; e-mail: secretariat@biodiv.org; Internet: 
http://www.biodiv.org 

REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN 
AFRICA: This meeting will take place from 28-29 January 2002, in 
Nairobi, Kenya. For more information contact: Anna Ogalo or 
Harrison Maganga, African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, 
Kenya; tel: +254-2-524700/6; fax: +254-2-524701; e-mail: 
acts@cgiar.org or a.ogalo@cgiar.org; Internet: 
http://www.acts.or.ke

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 
AND DEVELOPMENT: This conference is scheduled to take place from 
4-7 February 2002 in San José, Costa Rica. Sponsored by the 
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) 
and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, the 
conference will bring together researchers and other professionals 
interested in documenting and measuring the impact of 
international agricultural research. Participants are expected to 
highlight experiences and case studies of impacts on agricultural 
productivity, equity, poverty, social health, and nutrition, the 
environment, as well as on institutions and human capital. For 
more information contact: e-mail: impacts@cgiar.org; Internet: 
http://www.cimmyt.org/Research/Economics/impacts/index.htm 

MEETING OF THE AD HOC INTERSESSIONAL WORKING GROUP ON ARTICLE 8(J) 
OF THE CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY: This meeting is scheduled to 
take place from 4-8 February 2002 in Montreal, Canada. For more 
information contact: CBD Secretariat, Montreal, Canada: tel: +1-
514-288-2220; e-mail: secretariat@biodiv.org; Internet: 
http://www.biodiv.org 

CODEX THIRD SESSION OF THE AD HOC INTERGOVERNMENTAL TASK FORCE ON 
BIOTECHNOLOGY: This CODEX session is scheduled to take place from 
4-8 March 2002 in Yokohama, Japan. For more information e-mail: 
codex@fao.org 

SIXTH CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON 
BIODIVERSITY/CARTAGENA PROTOCOL MOP-1: CBD COP-6 will take place 
in The Hague, the Netherlands, from 8-26 April 2002. This 
gathering is also expected to serve as the First Meeting of the 
Parties (MOP-1) to the Cartagena Protocol. CBD Secretariat, 
Montreal, Canada: tel: +1-514-288-2220; e-mail: 
secretariat@biodiv.org; Internet: http://www.biodiv.org 

SESSIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS 
COMMISSION: The Executive Committee of the Commission will meet 
for its 49th Session from 26-28 June 2002, and will convene its 
50th session from 26-27 June 2003. Both meetings will take place 
in Rome, Italy. For more information contact: Secretariat of the 
Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme; tel: +39-06-57051; fax: 
+39-06-5705-4593; e-mail: codex@fao.org 

25TH SESSION OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION: The Commission 
will meet from 30 June - 5 July 2003 in Rome, Italy. For more 
information contact: Secretariat of the Joint FAO/WHO Food 
Standards Programme; tel: +39-06-57051; fax: +39-06-5705-4593; 
e-mail: codex@fao.org 

CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

FIRST TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON SOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
CONCENTRATIONS OF PERSISTENT TOXIC SUBSTANCES - EUROPE REGION: 
This workshop will take place from 5-7 December 2001 in Brussels, 
Belgium. For more information contact: Paul Whylie, UNEP 
Chemicals; tel: +41-22-917-8305; e-mail: pwhylie@unep.ch; 
Internet: http://irptc.unep.ch/pts/default.htm

PREPARATORY MEETING FOR THE JOINT CONVENTION ON THE SAFETY OF 
SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT AND ON THE SAFETY OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE 
MANAGEMENT: This meeting will take place from 10-14 December 2001 
in Vienna, Austria. For more information visit: 
http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/Documents/Legal/jointconv.shtml 

SECOND SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE GLOBALLY 
HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS: 
This meeting is being held from 12-14 December 2001, in Geneva, 
Switzerland. Subsequent meetings of the Sub-Committee are 
scheduled to take place on 12 July and in December of 2002. For 
more information contact the UNECE Transport Division, tel: +41-
22-907-2401; fax: +41-22-917-0039/89; Internet: 
http://www.unece.org/trans/ main/dgdb/dgsubc4/c4age.html

BASEL CONVENTION WORKING GROUP MEETINGS: The 19th session of 
Technical Working Group will be held from 14-15 January 2002, the 
first joint meeting of the Legal and Technical Working Groups from 
16-17 January 2002, and the Fourth session of the Legal Working 
Group from 18-19 January 2002. The 20th session of Technical 
Working Group will be held from 20-21 May 2002, and the second 
joint meeting of the Legal and Technical Working Groups will be 
held from 20-23 May 2002. The Fifth session of the Legal Working 
Group will meet from 24-25 May 2002 and the Working Group for 
Implementation from 27-31 May 2002. For more information contact: 
Basel Secretariat; tel: +41-22-917-8218; e-mail: sbc@unep.ch; 
Internet: http://www.basel.int 

THIRD MEETING OF THE INTERIM CHEMICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE (ICRC-3): 
ICRC-3 is expected to meet from 18-22 February 2002, in Geneva, 
Switzerland. For more information contact: Gerold Wyrwal, FAO; 
tel: +39-6-5705-2753; e-mail: gerold.wyrwal@fao.org; or Jim 
Willis, UNEP Chemicals; tel: +41-22-917-8111; e-mail: 
chemicals@unep.ch; Internet: http://www.pic.int/

SIXTH SESSION OF THE POPS INTERGOVERNMENTAL NEGOTIATING COMMITTEE: 
The sixth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee 
for an International Legally Binding Instrument for Implementing 
International Action on Certain Persistent Organic Pollutants 
(POPS INC-6) will be held from 17-22 June 2002 in Geneva, 
Switzerland. For more information contact: tel: +41-22-917-8193; 
fax: +41-22-797-3460; e-mail: pops@unep.ch 

JOINT FAO-WHO MEETING ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES: The 27th Session of 
the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide 
Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Expert Group on 
Pesticide Residues (JMPR) is scheduled for 20-29 September 2002 in 
Rome. For more information contact: Amelia Tejada, FAO; tel: +39-
6-5705-4010; Internet: 
http://www.fao.org/waicent/FaoInfo/Agricult/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/Even
ts/c.htm

FAO PANEL OF EXPERTS ON PESTICIDE SPECIFICATIONS, REGISTRATION 
REQUIREMENTS, APPLICATION STANDARDS AND PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT: 
The 19th session of the Panel is scheduled for 27-29 October 2002, 
in Rome, Italy. For more information contact: Gero Vaagt, FAO; 
tel: +39-6-5705-5757; e-mail: Gero.Vaagt@fao.org; Internet: 
http://www.fao.org/waicent/FaoInfo/Agricult/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/Even
ts/c.htm

PIC INC-9: The ninth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating 
Committee for an International Legally Binding Instrument for the 
Application of the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain 
Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade is 
tentatively scheduled for 30 September - 4 October 2002, in Bonn, 
Germany. For more information contact the interim Secretariat: 
Niek van der Graaff, FAO; tel: +39-6-5705-3441; fax: +39-6-5705-
6347; e-mail: Niek.VanderGraaff@fao.org; or Jim Willis, UNEP 
Chemicals; tel: +41-22-917-8111; e-mail: chemicals@unep.ch; 
Internet: http://www.pic.int/

BASEL CONVENTION COP-6: The sixth Conference of the Parties (COP-
6) to the Basel Convention is scheduled to be held from 9-13 
December 2002 in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information 
contact: Secretariat of the Basel Convention; tel: +41-22-979 
8218; fax: +41-22-797 3454; e-mail: sbc@unep.ch; Internet: 
http://www.basel.int 

FOURTH SESSION OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL FORUM ON CHEMICAL SAFETY 
(IFCS): FORUM IV is scheduled to be held from 1-7 November 2003 in 
Bangkok, Thailand, with FORUM V taking place in Hungary in late 
2005 or 2006. For more information contact: the IFCS Executive 
Secretary; tel: +41-22-791-3650; e-mail: ifcs@who.ch; Internet: 
http://www.ifcs.ch 

CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERE

WORKSHOP ON CONCERTED ACTION ON TRADABLE EMISSION PERMITS: This 
workshop will be held from 3-4 December 2001 in Venice, Italy. 
Organized by the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, the theme of the 
workshop is "Trading Scales: Linking Industry, Local, Regional, 
National and International Emissions Trading Schemes." For more 
information visit: http://www.feem.it/web/activ/_activ.html

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OF ENERGY 
AND ENVIRONMENT: This meeting will be held from 7-8 December 2001 
in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It will seek to address 
energy, environmental management and technology issues, and 
provide a forum for information exchange among representatives of 
industry, government, and academia. For more information contact: 
International Consortium for the Management and Technology of 
Energy, Environment and Ecology; tel: +1-714-898-8416; e-mail: 
inquiries@iceee.org; Internet: http://www.iceee.org 

ROYAL SOCIETY MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE - WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE 
NEED TO KNOW: This meeting will take place from 12-13 December 
2001 in London, UK. The meeting will provide a forum for key 
representatives from academia, government, business and NGOs to 
examine the conclusions of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report in 
the context of the information required by their respective 
sectors to respond to climate change challenges. For more 
information contact: Rachel Quinn; tel: +44-20-7451-2546; e-mail: 
climate@royalsoc.ac.uk; Internet: 
http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/events/climate.htm 


RIO 02 - WORLD CLIMATE AND ENERGY EVENT: This event will be held 
from 6-11 January 2002 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objectives 
are to analyze current developments of climate and energy 
research, demonstrate latest technology and discuss appropriate 
measures for implementation. For more information visit: 
http://www.rio02.de/ 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL 
DEVELOPMENT: This conference will be held from 19-21 January 2002 
in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and will consider the technical scope of 
power generation from offshore wind, waves, current and tidal 
schemes. The conference will also consider technologies for the 
medium- to long-term and will address technical challenges in 
developing renewable energy sources. For more information contact: 
A.K.M. Sadrul Islam, Convener; fax: +880-2-861-3046; e-mail: 
sadrul@me.buet.edu 

THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NON-GREENHOUSE GASES - SCIENTIFIC 
UNDERSTANDING, CONTROL AND IMPLEMENTATION: This symposium will be 
held from 21-23 January 2002, in Maastricht, the Netherlands. For 
more information contact: the Symposium secretariat; tel: +31-73-
621-5985; fax: +31-73-621-6985; e-mail: vvm@wxs.nl; Internet: 
http://www.milieukundigen.nl

EARTH TECHNOLOGIES FORUM: This conference and exhibition on global 
climate change and ozone protection technologies and policies will 
be held from 25-27 March 2002 in Washington, DC. The conference is 
being sponsored by the International Climate Change Partnership 
and the Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy, in 
cooperation with a number of governmental and intergovernmental 
agencies and organizations, as well industry groups. Participants 
will discuss current technologies and efforts to bring them into 
the marketplace. For more information contact: tel: +1-703-807-
4052; e-mail: earthforum@alcalde-fay.com; Internet: 
http://www.earthforum.com 

SECOND MEETING OF THE BUREAU OF THE FIFTH MEETING OF THE 
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE VIENNA CONVENTION: This bureau 
meeting will take place on 28 March 2002 in Geneva, Switzerland. 
For more information contact: Ozone Secretariat; tel: +254-2-62-
1234 or 62-3850; Internet: http://www.unep.org/ozone 

FIRST MEETING OF THE BUREAU OF THE 13TH MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO 
THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL: This bureau meeting will be held on 1 July 
2002 in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information contact: Ozone 
Secretariat; tel: +254-2-62-1234; Internet: 
http://www.unep.org/ozone 
22ND OPEN-ENDED WORKING GROUP MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE 
MONTREAL PROTOCOL: This meeting will take place from 22-26 July 
2002 in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information contact: Ozone 
Secretariat; tel: +254-2-62-1234 or 62-3850; Internet: 
http://www.unep.org/ozone

DESERTIFICATION

SECOND MEETING OF THE UNCCD PANEL OF EMINENT PERSONALITIES IN 
PREPARATION FOR THE WSSD: The second meeting of the members of the 
panel of eminent personalities is scheduled to take place in 
February 2002, in Niger. The panel will discuss the poverty-
environment nexus in the context of timely and effective 
implementation of the UNCCD. For more information contact: Satu 
Ravola, UNCCD Secretariat; tel: +49-228-815-2805; e-mail: 
sravola@unccd.int; Internet: http://www.unccd.int

SYMPOSIUM ON ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION: This 
traveling event will be held 8-20 April 2002, in Cape Town, South 
Africa, various rural communities, and Gobabeb, Namibia. The aim 
of this combined international symposium, rural community 
interaction and workshop is to connect community action with 
science and common sense. For more information contact: Odette de 
Heer Kloots; tel: +27-21-762-8600; e-mail: 
desertification@globalconf.co.za; Internet: 
http://des2002.az.blm.gov/homepage.htm 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DROUGHT MITIGATION AND PREVENTION OF 
LAND DESERTIFICATION: This conference will take place from 21-25 
April 2002 in Bled, Slovenia. Co-organized by the European 
Regional Working Group of the International Commission on 
Irrigation and Drainage, this event will discuss: the impact of 
climate change on the Central and East European and Mediterranean 
countries; national strategies and action programmes to mitigate 
drought; and international cooperation for solving related common 
drought problems. For more information contact: e-mail: SDNO-
SINCID@guest.arnes.si; Internet: 
http://www2.arnes.si/~ljsdno2/eng7.htm 

SEVENTEENTH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE: This meeting will take 
place from 14-21 August 2002, in Bangkok, Thailand, and will 
address the topic "Soil Science: Confronting New Realities in the 
21st Century." For more information contact: Secretariat, 17th 
WCSS; tel: +662-940-5787, 9405-7078; fax: +662-940-5788; e-mail: 
o.sfst@nontri.ku.ac.th; Internet: http://www.17wcss.ku.ac.th

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR DRY AREAS 
FOR THE SECOND MILLENNIUM: This conference will be held from 15-19 
September 2002, in Shijiazhuang, China. For more information 
contact: Catherine Vachon, Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture 
and Agri-Food Canada; tel: +1-403-317-2257; fax: +1-403-382-3156; 
Internet: http://res2.agr.ca/lethbridge/hebei/confindex.htm 


INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON LAND USE MANAGEMENT, EROSION AND 
CARBON SEQUESTRATION: This colloquium will be held from 24-28 
September 2002, in Montpellier, France. Separate sessions on a 
biological approach to soil and water conservation and soil 
erosion and carbon sequestration will be held, each in French and 
English with simultaneous translation, as necessary. For more 
information contact: Eric Roose; tel: +33-0-467-41-62-65; fax: 
+33-0-467-41-62-94; e-mail: roose@mpl.ird.fr; Internet: 
http://www.ird.fr

CCD COP-6: This meeting is scheduled to take place from 19-31 
October 2003, in Bonn, Germany, unless another country offers to 
host the meeting. For more information contact: CCD Secretariat; 
tel: +49-228-815-2800; fax: +49-228-815-2898/99; e-mail: 
secretariat@unccd.int; Internet: http://www.unccd.int 

FORESTS

INTERNET CONFERENCE ON SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST 
MANAGEMENT: This conference will take place from 3-14 December 
2001 via the internet. Sponsored by the FAO on behalf of the 
Collaborative Partnership on Forest (CPF), the conference will 
address specific topics relating to financing sustainable forest 
management, with three parallel sessions each week. For more 
information contact: Tim Richards, Conference Organizer; tel: +44-
12-7533-1223; e-mail: mappamundi@btopenworld.com; Internet: 
http://www.financingsfm.net

THIRD MCPFE WORKSHOP ON IMPROVEMENT OF PAN-EUROPEAN INDICATORS FOR 
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: This meeting will be held from 14-
15 January 2002 in Budapest, Hungary. For more information 
contact: Ewald Rametsteiner, Liaison Unit Vienna; tel: +43-1-710-
77-02; fax: +43-1-710-77-02-13; e-mail: liaison.unit@lu-vienna.at; 
Internet: http://www.mcpfe.org

INTERNATIONAL EXPERT MEETING OF FOREST LANDSCAPES RESTORATION: 
This meeting will take place from 27 February - 2 March 2002 in 
San José, Costa Rica. Sponsored by IUCN, WWF and ITTO, the theme 
of this meeting is "Building Assets for People and Nature." For 
more information contact: Dagmar Timmer, IUCN; e-mail: 
forests@iucn.org or Stephanie Mansourian, WWF-International;  
e-mail: smansourian@wwfint.org 

SECOND SESSION OF THE UN FORUM ON FORESTS: UNFF-2 will take place 
in San José, Costa Rica, from 4-15 March 2002. This meeting will 
include a high-level ministerial segment. For more information 
contact: Mia Soderlund, UNFF Secretariat; tel: + 1-212-963-3262; 
fax: +1-212-963 4260; e-mail: unff@un.org; Internet: 
http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/forests.htm 

BRITISH COLUMBIA COMMUNITY FORESTRY FORUM - EXPLORING POLICY AND 
PRACTICE: This meeting will take place from 14-16 2002 March in 
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The Forum is designed to 
facilitate discussion and information-sharing about community 
forestry. For more information contact: Brian Egan, University of 
Victoria; tel: +1-250-472-5106; e-mail: info@cf-forum.org; 
Internet: http://www.cf-forum.org 

SESSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER COUNCIL AND 
ASSOCIATE SESSIONS OF ITS COMMITTEES: The 32nd session will take 
place from 13-18 May 2002 in Bali, Indonesia, and the 33rd session 
will be held from 4-9 November 2002 in Yokohama, Japan. For more 
information contact: tel: +81-45-223-1110; e-mail: 
itto@itto.or.jp; Internet: http://www.itto.or.jp 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROTECTING NATURE ON PRIVATE LAND - 
FROM CONFLICTS TO AGREEMENTS: This conference will take place from 
12-15 June 2002 in Lahti, Finland. The conference will discuss the 
reasons behind and consequences arising from collision of 
interests between nature conservation and land ownership. For more 
information contact: Päivi Tikka; tel: +358-9-191-58807; e-mail: 
paivi.tikka@helsinki.fi; Internet: 
http://www.efi.fi/events/2002/Protecting_Nature/ 

WILDLIFE SHRUB SYMPOSIUM XII: This meeting will take place from 
12-16 August 2002 in Laramie, Wyoming, USA. Organized by the 
University of Wyoming, the symposium topic is "Seed and Soil 
Dynamics in Shrubland Ecosystems." For more information contact: 
Ann Hild, Symposium Chair; tel: +1-307-766-5471; e-mail: 
AnnHils@uwyo.edu; Internet: 
http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/renewableresources/shrub_conf.htm

FOURTH MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON THE PROTECTION OF FORESTS IN 
EUROPE: This Ministerial Conference will be held from 28-30 April 
2003 in Vienna Austria. The European ministers responsible for 
forests will take further decisions to promote the progress 
towards the protection and sustainable management of forests in 
Europe. The Conference will be held under the joint chairmanship 
of Austria and Poland and is open to participants and observers of 
the MCPFE. For more information contact: Peter Mayer, Liaison Unit 
Vienna; tel: +43-1-710-77-02; fax: +43-1-710-77-02-13; e-mail: 
liaison.unit@lu-vienna.at; Internet: http://www.mcpfe.org

12TH WORLD FORESTRY CONGRESS: This meeting will take place from 
21-28 September 2003 in Québec City, Québec, Canada. For more 
information visit: http://www.wfc2003.org/ 

HABITAT

CONFERENCE ON PARTNERSHIP FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT - NEW APPROACHES, 
NEW ACTORS FOR CHANGING URBAN POLICY: This international 
conference on urban development will be held in March 2002 in 
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. For more information contact: Internet: 
http://www.inta-aivn.org/20-activities/Ethiopia.htm 

THE URBAN FORUM: This forum will take place from 6-10 May 2002 in 
Nairobi, Kenya. This forum will focus on international cooperation 
in shelter and urban development and will serve as an advisory 
body to the UN Convention on Human Settlements on these issues. 
For more information contact: Joseph Mungai; Secretary to the 
Urban Forum; tel: +254-2-623133; e-mail: 
Joseph.Mungai@unchs.org; Internet: http://www.unchs.org/uf 

STOCKHOLM PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES EVENT: This event, 
which will include a conference and an exhibit along with a 
competition and award session, is scheduled for 5-8 June 2002 in 
Stockholm, Sweden. The event will showcase methods to achieve 
urban sustainability worldwide, and commemorate the 1972 UN 
Conference on the Human Environment. For more information contact: 
Adam Holmstrom; tel: +46-8-508-28017; e-mail:  
adam.holmstrom@partnerships.stockholm.se; Internet: 
http://www.partnerships.stockholm.se 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

GEF COUNCIL AND REPLENISHMENT MEETING: The next GEF meeting on the 
replenishment of the GEF Trust Fund will take place on December 3-
4, 2001. The GEF Council Meeting will take place from 5-7 December 
2001 in Washington, DC. The Council meeting will be preceded by an 
NGO consultation on December 4, 2001. The GEF Replenishment 
Meeting for 2002 will take place from 27-28 February in Paris, 
France. The GEF Assembly will be held from 16-18 October 2002 in 
Beijing, China. For more information visit: 
http://www.gefweb.org/Replenishment/Schedule_of_Meetings/schedule_
of_meetings.html 

GLOBAL MINISTERIAL ENVIRONMENT FORUM: This meeting will take place 
from 13-15 February 2002 in Cartagena, Colombia. For more 
information contact: Beverly Miller, Secretary, UNEP Governing 
Council; tel: +254-2-62-3411; e-mail: 
beverly.miller@unep.org 

ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE IMF/WORLD BANK GROUP: The annual meetings 
of the IMF/World Bank will take place from 1-2 October 2002 in 
Washington, DC, and from 23-24 September 2003 in Dubai, United 
Arab Emirates. For more information visit: 
http://www.imf.org/external/am/index.htm 

UNEP GOVERNING COUNCIL: The 22nd regular session of the UNEP 
Governing Council is scheduled for 3-7 February 2003 in Nairobi. 
For more information contact: UNEP; tel: +254-2-621234; fax: +254-
2-624489/90; e-mail: cpiinfo@unep.org; Internet: 
http://www.unep.org 


OCEANS AND COASTS

SOLUTIONS TO COASTAL DISASTERS CONFERENCE 2002: This conference 
will be held 24-27 February 2002 in San Diego, California. The 
goals of the conference are to project future trends in coastal 
disaster occurrence and management options by examining past 
events, and identify gaps in information exchange between 
researchers and managers; and offer potential solutions to close 
the gaps. For more information contact: Lesley Ewing; tel: +1-415-
904-5291; e-mail: lewing@coastal.ca.gov; Internet: 
http://www.asce.org/conferences/cd2002/home.html 

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COASTAL SYMPOSIUM: This international 
symposium will take place from 25-29 March 2002 in Templepatrick, 
Northern Ireland. This multi-disciplinary event will seek to 
promote discussions among scientists, engineers and managers on 
the latest advances in the scientific understanding, engineering 
and environmental issues of coastal processes. For more 
information contact: Coastal Research Group; tel: +44-28-7032-
4429; e-mail: ICS2002@ulst.ac.uk; Internet: 
http://www.science.ulst.ac.uk/ics2002/ 

CONFERENCE ON BENTHIC DYNAMICS: The international conference and 
workshop on Benthic Dynamics - In Situ Surveillance of the 
Sediment-Water Interface - will be held from 25-29 March, 2002 in 
Aberdeen, Scotland. For more information contact: Martin Solan; 
tel: +44-13-5878-9631; e-mail: m.solan@abdn.ac.uk; Internet: 
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/ecosystem/conference/ 

54TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION (IWC): 
This meeting will take place in May 2002 in Shimonoseki, Japan. 
The Scientific Committee and Commission Committees and Working 
Groups will be meeting at the same venue. For more information 
contact: IWC Secretariat; tel: +44-12-2323-3971; e-mail: 
iwc@iwcoffice.org; Internet: http://www.iwcoffice.org 

12TH MEETING OF THE STATES PARTIES TO THE UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW 
OF THE SEA: This meeting will be held from 16-26 April 2002 in New 
York. For more information contact: UN Division for Ocean Affairs 
and the Law of the Sea; tel: +1-212-963-3972; e-mail: 
doalos@un.org; Internet: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm 

CONFERENCE ON FISHERIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: This event will 
take place from 19-22 August 2002 in Wellington, New Zealand. 
Organized by the International Institute of Fisheries Economics 
and Trade (IIFET), this event will provide a forum for 
participants to consider the future management of fisheries. For 
more information contact: IIFET 2002 Organizer; tel: +64-4-389-
3487; fax: +64-4-389-3457: e-mail: bruce.shallard@xtra.co.nz; 
Internet: http://www.iifet2002.co

POPULATION

WORLD FOOD SUMMIT: This meeting will be held from 10-13 June 2002 
in Rome. Participants will review progress made towards the 1996 
World Food Summit goal of reducing the number of hungry people by 
half by 2015, and consider ways to accelerate the process. For 
more information contact: fax: +39-06-570-55249; e-mail: food-
summit@fao.org; Internet: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsummit/ 

UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT: The 
Commission's 35th Session, to be held in 2002, will address the 
issue of "Reproductive rights and reproductive health, with 
special reference to HIV/AIDS." The 36th Session in 2003 will 
focus on "Population, education and development." For more 
information contact: Population Division; tel: +1-212-963-3179; 
fax: +1-212-963-2147.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

WORLD SOCIAL FORUM: The second World Social Forum will take place 
from 31 January - 5 February 2002 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The 
forum aims to help build a world based on solidarity, social 
justice and participatory political democracy, respecting cultural 
diversity and the environment. For more information visit: 
http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/eng/index.asp 

UN COMMISSION FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The 40th Session of the UN 
Commission for Social Development will be held from 12-21 February 
2002 in New York. The theme of the session will be integration of 
social and economic policy. For more information visit: 
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/csd/2002.htm 
SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGEING: This UN conference will be held 
in Madrid, Spain from 8-12 April 2002, 20 years after the Vienna 
World Assembly on Ageing. The meeting will review the outcome of 
the first World Assembly, and will adopt a revised plan of action 
and long-term strategy on ageing. For more information contact: 
Alexandre Sidorenko, United Nations Programme on Ageing; e-mail: 
sidorenko@un.org; Internet: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/ageing 

UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON CHILDREN: The UN General 
Assembly's Special Session on Children is planned for 8-10 May 
2002 in New York. The meeting, previously scheduled for 19-21 
September 2001, is a follow-up to the 1990 conference that set the 
guidelines for governments, interest groups and U.N. agencies to 
improve child education, healthcare and living conditions, with a 
focus on young girls and the poorest nations. For more information 
visit: http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/ 

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF MOUNTAIN CHILDREN 2002: This 
conference will take place from 15-23 May 2002 in Uttaranchal, 
India. For more information contact: e-mail: catalyst@bol.net.in 
or rachnadd@nde.vsnl.com 

SECOND WORLD MEETING OF MOUNTAIN POPULATIONS: This meeting will 
take place from 20-24 September 2002 in Quito, Ecuador. 
Representatives of 115 countries will discuss the challenges 
facing mountain communities worldwide. For more information 
contact: e-mail: cedime@ecuanex.net.ec; Internet: 
http://www.mtnforum.org/calendar/events/0209wmma.htm 

TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT

SECOND SESSION OF WIPO'S INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE ON 
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND GENETIC RESOURCES, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE 
AND FOLKLORE: The second session of the World Intellectual 
Property Organization's Intergovernmental Committee on 
Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources will be held in Geneva 
from 10-14 December 2001. Participants will consider a variety of 
issues, including access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing, 
and protection of traditional knowledge, creativity and folklore. 
For more information contact: Francis Gurry, Assistant Director-
General of WIPO; tel: +41-22-338-9428, e-mail: 
francis.gurry@wipo.int; Internet: 
http://www.wipo.org/eng/meetings/2001/igc/index_2.htm 

SPECIAL SESSION OF THE WTO COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE: This meeting 
will take place on 7 December 2001. For more information contact: 
WTO; tel: +41-22-739-5111; e-mail: enquiries@wto.org; Internet: 
http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/meets.doc 

CONFERENCE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENT: This 
conference will be held from 7-8 February 2002 in Paris, France. 
Organized by the OECD, the conference aims to shed light on the 
broader linkages between FDI and the environment in the mining 
sector, an important sector for the economy in many developing 
countries, and where environmental concerns have frequently been 
voiced. For more information visit: 
http://www.oecd.org/oecd/pages/home/displaygeneral/0,3380,EN-
document-0-nodirectorate-no-20-21276-0,FF.html

WETLANDS

REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL MEETINGS UNDER THE RAMSAR CONVENTION: 
Prior to the Eighth Conference of the Parties (COP-8) to the 
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 2002, a number of preparatory 
regional and sub-regional meetings are under consideration, 
dependent on funding. For more information visit: 
http://www.ramsar.org/cop8_regionalmeetings_proposal1.htm

RAMSAR CONVENTION STANDING COMMITTEE MEETINGS: The Standing 
Committee of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands will hold its 26th 
meeting from 3-7 December 2001 in Gland, Switzerland. Its subgroup 
on COP-8 will meet from 6-8 May 2002, also in Gland. The 27th 
meeting will take place on 17 November 2002, prior to COP-8, in 
Valencia, Spain. For more information contact: Ramsar Secretariat, 
Gland, Switzerland; tel: +41-22-999-0170; e-mail: 
ramsar@ramsar.org; Internet: 
http://www.ramsar.org/meetings.htm 

WORLD WETLANDS DAY 2002: This event is held on 2 February each 
year. Government agencies, citizen groups and other stakeholders 
undertake actions aimed at raising public awareness of the values 
and benefits of wetlands and the Ramsar Convention. For more 
information visit: http://www.ramsar.org/wwd2002_index.htm

RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS COP-8: COP-8 is scheduled to convene 
in Valencia, Spain from 18-26 November 2002. The theme of this COP 
is "Wetlands: Water, Life, and Culture." For more information 
contact: Ramsar Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland; tel: +41-22-999-
0170; e-mail: ramsar@ramsar.org; Internet: 
http://www.ramsar.org/index_cop8.htm


WILDLIFE

23RD MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE CONVENTION ON 
MIGRATORY SPECIES: This meeting of the Standing Committee of the 
CMS will be held from 13-14 December 2001 in Bonn, Germany. For 
more information contact: CMS Secretariat; tel: +49-228-815-
2401/2; e-mail: cms@unep.de; Internet: 
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/events.htm 

46TH MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE CONVENTION ON 
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES: This meeting of the 
Standing Committee of CITES will be held from 11-15 March 2002 in 
Geneva, Switzerland. For more information contact: CITES 
Secretariat; tel: +41-22-917-8139; fax: +41-22-797-3417; e-mail: 
cites@unep.ch 

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE CONFERENCE: This conference will 
take place on 30 March 2002 in Washington, DC. The theme for the 
conference will be "The Convention on Biological Diversity: A Ten 
Year Report Card." For more information contact: William Burns; 
tel: +1-650-281-9126; fax: +1-801-838-4710; e-mail: 
asilwildlife@pacbell.net; Internet: 
http://eelink.net/~asilwildlife/programs2.shtml 

18TH MEETING OF THE CITES ANIMALS COMMITTEE: This meeting will be 
held from 8-12 April 2002 in Costa Rica. For more information 
contact: CITES Secretariat; tel: +41-22-917-8139; e-mail: 
cites@unep.ch 

12TH MEETING OF THE CITES PLANTS COMMITTEE: This meeting will take 
place from 13-17 May 2002 in Leiden, the Netherlands. For more 
information contact: CITES Secretariat; tel: +41-22-917-8139; 
e-mail: cites@unep.ch 

11TH MEETING OF THE CMS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL: This meeting will take 
place from 14-17 September 2002 in Bonn, Germany. For more 
information contact: CMS Secretariat; tel: +49-228-815-2401/2; 
e-mail: cms@unep.de; Internet: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/events.htm 

CMS COP-7: The seventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention 
on Migratory Species is scheduled to take place from 15-28 
September 2002 in Bonn, Germany. The Second Meeting of the Parties 
to the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA MOP-2) will also 
be held at this time. For more information on this meeting and 
others relating to the Convention on Migratory Species contact: 
CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; tel: +49-228-815-2401/2; e-mail: 
cms@unep.de; Internet: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/events.htm 

CITES COP-12: This meeting will take place from 3-15 November 2002 
in Santiago, Chile. For more information contact: CITES 
Secretariat; tel: +41-22-917-8139; e-mail: cites@unep.ch; 
Internet: http://www.cites.org/eng/news/calendar.shtml 

FIFTH WORLD PARKS CONGRESS - BENEFITS BEYOND BOUNDARIES: This 
event will take place from 8-17 September 2003 in Durban, South 
Africa. This congress occurs once every decade and is sponsored by 
the IUCN. For more information visit: 
http://cpa.iucn.org/wpc/wpc.html 

WOMEN

ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GENDER MAINSTREAMING: This 
event will take place from 10-13 December 2001 in Bangkok, 
Thailand. The symposia aims to provide a more operational focus on 
gender mainstreaming, support more catalytic roles for the 
Commission on the Status of Women in relation to gender 
mainstreaming. For more information contact: Thelma Kay; tel: +66-
2-288-1989; e-mail: kay.unescap@un.org; Internet: 
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/confer/events/am_aprs.html 

26TH SESSION OF THE UN COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF 
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN: The 26th session of CEDAW is 
scheduled to be held from 14 January - 1 February 2002 at United 
Nations Headquarters in New York. For more information contact: 
Women's Rights Unit, DAW, New York; fax: +1-212-963-3463; e-mail: 
connorsj@un.org; Internet: 
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/committ 

46TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN: This 
meeting will convene from 4-15 March 2002 in the UN Headquarters 
in New York. For more information contact: Division for the 
Advancement of Women; fax: +1-212-963-3463; Internet: 
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/ 

GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON CELEBRATING MOUNTAIN WOMEN: This conference 
will be held from 28-31 May 2002 in Kathmandu, Nepal. Organized by 
the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development 
(ICIMOD) and the Mountain Forum, this event will give mountain 
women a forum through which to articulate their concerns and share 
experiences and ideas about the future of mountain livelihoods and 
cultures. For more information contact: Ojaswi Josse; tel: +977-1-
525313 ext. 418; fax: +977-1-524509; e-mail: ojaswi@icimod.org.np; 
Internet: http://www.mtnforum.org/calendar/events/0205mwaa.htm 

THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON WOMEN, WORK, HEALTH: This congress 
will convene from 2-5 June 2002 in Stockholm, Sweden and is being 
sponsored by the National Institute for Working Life. For more 
information contact: e-mail: wwh@niwl.se; Internet: 
http://www.niwl.se/wwh 

WOMEN'S WORLD 2002 - EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY 
CONGRESS ON WOMEN: This meeting will be held from 21-26 July 2002 
in Kampala, Uganda. The congress theme is "Gendered Worlds: Gains 
and Challenges" and the sub-themes have been selected to ensure 
special focus on African Perspectives, Young Voices, Celebrating 
Multiculturalism and Diversity, and North-South Perspectives. For 
more information visit: 
http://www.makerere.ac.ug/womenstudies/congress2/index.htm 

FORUM ON REINVENTING GLOBALIZATION: This forum will take place 
from 3-6 October 2002 in Guadalajara, Mexico. This forum is the 
largest recurring conference on gender and development in the 
world, outside of the UN system. For more information contact: 
Shareen Gokal, Forum Manager; tel: +1-416-594-3773; e-mail: 
sgokal@awid.org; Internet: http://www.awid.org


STAFF

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Assistant Editor: Prisna Nuengsigkapian

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