A Just Land Transition would enable restoration of drylands while ensuring jobs, agricultural productivity, and social safety nets. Realizing this vision, speakers suggested, will require not only funding but also empowering community-based and women-led organizations.

While delegates did not adopt a decision to negotiate a framework or protocol on drought, many strong and groundbreaking decisions were adopted, including on gender, agriculture, civil society participation, rangelands and pastoralists, and land tenure, and science.

Despite long hours of difficult negotiations and progress on streamlining ideas and trying to bridge the gap between countries, delegates could not reach agreement on a new treaty to end plastic pollution. They agreed to suspend the session and reconvene in 2025.

Mining stakeholders discussed accelerating the production of critical minerals, the possible role of circularity in bridging the critical minerals supply gap, and the nexus of critical minerals and gender equality, among other issues.