The 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from harmful chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, and accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife. These chemicals, known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), include PCBs, DDT, and dioxins. They can lead to serious health effects including certain cancers, birth defects, dysfunctional immune and reproductive systems, greater susceptibility to disease, and damages to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Given their long-range transport, no government acting alone can protect its citizens or its environment from POPs. In response to this global problem, the Stockholm Convention requires its parties to take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of POPs into the environment.