European Union

On Saturday, delegates to the Open-Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 40) finalized discussions on data reporting, unexpected emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) senior expert nominations, energy efficiency, and adjustments to the Protocol. OEWG 40 concluded all its agenda items until the thirtieth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substance that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP 30) and received submissions of three conference room papers (CRPs) that will be forwarded for consideration by MOP 30 convening in November in Quito, Ecuador. These relate to: unexpected emissions of CFC-11; access of Article 5 parties to energy-efficient technologies in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors; and addressing the composition and balance of the assessment panels. Other highlights of the day included: China reported on its immediate actions following reports of unexpected CFC-11 emissions from the East Asia region, including onsite inspections, sample collections, testing, and investigations of leads provided by the Environmental Investigation Agency. OEWG 40 delegates highlighted discussions and suggestions on possible actions to be taken on CFC-11 prior to MOP 30, including by the Secretariat, the Scientific Assessment Panel and TEAP, parties, and institutions. After adopting the report of the meeting and hearing closing statements, OEWG 40 closed at 10:40 pm. ENB Summary and Analysis: The Earth Negotiations Bulletin summary and analysis of OEWG 40 and the Workshop on Energy Efficiency Opportunities While Phasing-Down Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and will be available on Tuesday, 17 July 2018 IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis from OEWG 40. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Plenary Session From L-R: Gilbert Bankobeza, Ozone Secretariat; Ozone Secretariat Executive Secretary Tina Birmpili; OEWG 40 Co-Chair Cindy Newberg, US; OEWG 40 Co-Chair Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait; Megumi Seki, Ozone Secretariat; and Martha Leyva, Ozone Secretariat Ozone Secretariat Executive Secretary Tina Birmpili, and OEWG 40 Co-Chair Cindy Newberg, US OEWG 40 Co-Chair Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait, with Megumi Seki, Ozone Secretariat Philippe Chemouny, Canada Gilbert Bankobeza, Ozone Secretariat Sergey Vasiliev, the Russian Federation Salim Humaid Al Badi, Oman Roxanne Blesam, Palau Gilles Christian Mangongo, Gabon OEWG 40 Co-Chair Cindy Newberg, US Akil Hanafi Fodil, Algeria OEWG 40 Co-Chair Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait Husamuddin Ahmadzai, Sweden, with Sergey Vasiliev, the Russian Federation Sebahat Meral, and Ahmet Codal, Turkey Basim Ghafil, and Raad Kadhum Hasan, Iraq Delegates from the EU Delegates from the EU and India conferring Leslie Smith, Grenada, and Saad Aldeen AlNumairy, UAE Samuel Pare, Burkina Faso, and Nadoum Koro, Chad Hassan Ali Mubarak, Bahrain, and Balaji Natarajan, Multilateral Fund Augustin Sánchez Guevara, Mexico, and Jorge Dieguez, International Air Transport Association (IATA) Saad Aldeen AlNumairy, UAE; Amna Kazim, UAE; and Taha Mohammed Zatari, Saudi Arabia Contact Group on Energy Efficiency From L-R: Leslie Smith, Grenada; Patrick McInerney, Australia; and Sophia Mylona, Ozone Secretariat Paul Krajnik, EU Juliet Kabera, Rwanda Laura Juliana Arciniegas, Colombia Contact Group on CFC-11 Augustin Sánchez Guevara, Mexico, and Annie Gabriel, Australia Atsushi Iwasaki, Japan Philip Owen, EU Patricia Soares Leite, Brazil Between Sessions Ozone Secretariat Executive Secretary Tina Birmpili, with John Thompson, US

On Friday, delegates to the second meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI 2) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) finalized discussions on a conference room paper on biodiversity mainstreaming, and adopted 20 recommendations to the 14th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, the third meeting of the parties to the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing (ABS) and the ninth meeting of the parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which will convene in November 2018 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. After adopting the report of the meeting and hearing closing statements, SBI 2 closed at 1:05 pm. ENB Summary and Analysis: The Earth Negotiations Bulletin summary and analysis of SBSTTA 22 and SBI 2 will be available on Monday, 16 July 2018 at http://enb.iisd.org/biodiv/sbstta22-sbi2/ IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis from SBSTTA 22 and SBI 2. Photos by IISD/ENB | Franz Dejon For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page L-R: Jyoti Mathur-Filipp, CBD Secretariat; SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda); and CBD Deputy Executive Secretary David Cooper Gillian Guthrie, Jamaica Han de Koeijer, EU Hidenobu Maekawa, Japan Natalhie Campos-Reales Pineda, Mexico L-R: Hamdallah Zedan and Moustafa Fouda, Egypt Rosemary Paterson, New Zealand Prudence Tangham Galega, Cameroon Edda Fernández Luiselli, Mexico Saleh Naghmush Al-Saadi, Oman Soonhwan Hwang, Republic of Korea Oleg Borodin, Belarus L-R: Yasir Ahmed Salih Khairy and El Khitma El Awad Mohammed Ahmed, Sudan Delegates from Indonesia consulting L-R: Hesiquio Benítez Díaz, Mexico, with CBD Executive Secretary Cristiana Paşca Palmer, drew Guyana as the first in the order of seating arrangements for COP 14 Elena Makeyeva, SBI 2 Rapporteur (Belarus) CBD Executive Secretary Cristiana Paşca Palmer Gwen Sisior, Palau Carolina Caceres, Canada Luciano Donadio, Argentina Stefan Leiner, EU Dilovarsho Dustov, Tajikistan Ramiro Batzin, International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity Marthin Kaukaha Kasaona, Namibia A video message from Yasmine Fouad, Minister of Environment, Egypt SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda) gaveled the meeting to a close at 1:05 pm SBI 2 Snapshots Delegates from Austria Delegates from Africa Delegates from Central and Eastern Europe with SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda) Delegates from the European Commission Delegates from Cambodia Delegates from Latin America and the Caribbean plus South Africa Delegates from Mexico Delegates from the Republic of Korea L-R: ENB SBI 2 team with Asterios Tsioumanis, Annelies van Gaalen, Natalie Jones, Elsa Tsioumani, Jennifer Bansard, and Franz Dejon

Delegates to the fortieth meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 40) continued their deliberations on Friday, considering the following agenda items: Global emissions of the ozone depleting substance trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); Data reporting issues under the Kigali Amendment; Progress on future availability of halons and their alternatives; Development and availability of laboratory and analytical procedures that can be performed without using controlled substances under the Protocol; Process agents; Organizational and other matters relating to the work of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP); Senior expert nominations from parties to the TEAP; Composition and balance of the TEAP; Eligibility for financial and technical assistance; and Proposed adjustments to the Montreal Protocol. Informal consultations took place throughout the day, and several contact groups convened into the evening, where delegates discussed: ways to address unexpected emissions of CFC-11; destruction of technologies; linkages between hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in transitioning to low global warming potential alternatives; and energy efficiency while phasing down HFCs. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis from OEWG 40. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Plenary Session OEWG 40 Co-Chair Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait, and Megumi Seki, Ozone Secretariat Tumau Herownna Neru, Samoa Phillipa Guthrey, New Zealand Laura Juliana Arciniegas, Colombia Yawo Dandjesso, Togo Atsushi Iwasaki, Japan Paul Krajnik, EU Avipsa Mahapatra, Environmental Investigation Agency View of the dais during the plenary session Osvaldo Patricio Álvarez Pérez, Chile Al-Bokwali Abdulghani, Yemen Patricia Soares Leite, Brazil Emma Rachmawaty, Indonesia OEWG 40 Co-Chair Cindy Newberg, US Megumi Seki, and Martha Leyva, Ozone Secretariat OEWG 40 Co-Chairs Cindy Newberg, US, and Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait Hamoud Al-Otaibi, and Taha Mohammed Zatari, Saudi Arabia Raad Kadhum Hasan, Iraq Ravinder Kumar Mehta, India Contact Group on Data Reporting Under Article 7 and Related Issues From L-R: Zhong Zhifeng, China; Martin Sirois, Canada; and Gerald Mutisya, Ozone Secretariat Diane McConkey, US ​Patrick McInerney​, Australia Radhey Agarwal, India Contact group on CFC-11​ Augustin Sánchez Guevara, Mexico, and Annie Gabriel, Australia Salome Margaret Molefe, South Africa Ana Maria Kleymeyer, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Ibrahima Kane, Senegal Between Sessions Annie Gabriel, Australia, and John Thompson, US Philip Owen, EU, and Sergey Vasiliev, the Russian Federation Samuel Pare, Burkina Faso, and Andrew Clark, US Ian Porter, Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Multilateral Fund delegates in discussions

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Thursday, 12 July, 2018: Sanitation for Education and Health – An Integrated Approach to Human Development Leaving No One Behind Through Data Revolution: Evidences from Bangladesh Effective Implementation, Monitoring and Financing of SDG 11 Photos by IISD/ENB | Natalia Mroz For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Sanitation for Education and Health – An Integrated Approach to Human Development Presented by Water Supply and Sanitation Collaboration Council (WSSCC), State of Qatar (Qatar Fund for Development), Global Citizen, and Education Cannot Wait This side event focused on sanitation as a key determinant of health and education. Panelists shared examples of successful projects, celebrated effective partnerships, identified ongoing challenges, and highlighted the need for continued progress. Moderator Madge Thomas, Global Citizen, opened the event, saying it is not possible to have transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies without addressing the crosscutting issue of sanitation. Thomas announced that Global Citizen is launching an accountability report which makes reference to and tracks sanitation, health and education commitments, and underscores what is possible through partnerships. Rolf Luyendijk, WSSCC, highlighted the importance of safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), noting that 40 years ago the Alma Ata declaration on primary health care recognized the interlinkages. Emphasizing the value of multi-sectoral partnerships, he said investments in sanitation offer an overall five-to-one return in related health-care benefits. He offered concrete examples, including: improved neonatal health; a 36% reduction in diarrhea; a 23% reduction in stunting; and a 26% reduction in acute respiratory infections, which he called the “number one child killer.” On education impacts, he said access to gender-segregated sanitation facilities keeps girls in schools. Luyendijk announced WSSCC would be signing an agreement with Qatar Charity at the close of the event, representing important investments in fragile areas. The agreement will facilitate exchange of information, allow for coordination, and support sanitation and hygiene programme design and development, specifically in the Darfur Region of Sudan. Ali Abdulla AL Dabbagh, Qatar Fund for Development, outlined his country’s commitment to and strategy for promoting peace and justice, in alignment with progress on the SDGs focused on health,  education, and sustainable economic empowerment. On financing and education, he said every dollar invested produces two dollars in economic benefit and noted that when communities are educated about the importance of sanitation, they express a higher demand for improved facilities. He also underscored the need for tangible progress on SDG 6 (water and sanitation) and its linkage with SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth). Irene Gai, Kenya Water for Health Organization, outlined her organization’s WASH initiatives, including links to education. She described the pressing need for action and offered examples: a school where enrollment jumped from 200 to 1,000 students without improving sanitation facilities; and that 6 million people still defecate in the open in Kenya, often in the rain, a situation especially challenging for women, who often must be accompanied outside. She said investment in sanitation and hygiene must also address issues of equity and human rights. Yasmine Sherif, Education Cannot Wait, said delivery on education goals, under SDG 4, is not a stand-alone process, but must be tied to other sectors. She noted that quality learning is not possible without access to drinkable water or to sanitation facilities, saying 42% of girls in Uganda have their schooling interrupted because they have to fetch water. She stressed the role of national NGOs who know the country, problems and solutions, and emphasized the need for collaboration, such as through joint needs assessments, and for multi-year programs.   During the ensuing discussion, panelists shared perspectives on: the need to focus on those most left behind, noting that investing “in the last mile” provides the best return;  giving donors confidence in their investment through good monitoring processes; accountability that includes establishing clear goals and objectives; investing in and working with local NGOs; a tendency for investments to focus on urban areas, when small investments can have significant impacts in rural areas; investments in behavior change; addressing root causes, such as water scarcity; educating communities about the importance of sanitation using concrete tools; collaboration, not competition, when fundraising for WASH initiatives; education in the home and preschools on WASH; and addressing the sanitation needs of people with disabilities, including recognizing that disabilities are often hidden. Luyendijk closed the event, noting that 40 years have passed since the Alma Ata declaration, and urged accelerated action on WASH. Madge Thomas, Global Citizen, said water, health, and sanitation are basic rights Irene Gai, Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO), said civil society organizations are key to implementation at the local level Panel (L-R): Ali Abdulla AL Dabbagh, Qatar Fund for Development; Rolf Luyendijk, WSSCC; Madge Thomas, Global Citizen; Irene Gai, KWAHO; and Yasmine Sherif, Education Cannot Wait Ali Abdulla AL Dabbagh said a key success factor for any development project is localization and ownership by local communities regardless the funders The panel responds to questions from participants Yasmine Sherif said disabilities can limit the ability to physically access a toilet A participant views a handout from the event A participant takes notes An interpreter for a participant A participant highlights the need to address the impacts of disability on access to water and sanitation A participant asked about the extent to which local communities are involved in planning of sanitation projects View of the room (L-R): Yousuf Ahmad Al-Hammadi, Qatar Charity; and Rolf Luyendijk, WSSCC, after signing a Memorandum of Understanding to support WSSCC projects Contact: David Trouba | David.Trouba@wsscc.org More Information: www.wsscc.org Leaving No One Behind Through Data Revolution: Evidences from Bangladesh Presented by the Permanent Mission of Bangladesh to the UN, Permanent Mission of Norway to the UN, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) This side event was convened to share best practices and exchange views on how governments can mobilize the data revolution to ensure that no one is left behind. Moderator Abul Kalam Azad, Prime Minister’s Office, Bangladesh, opened the event and stressed the potential of data revolution to help governments move from a silo-approach to a whole-of-government approach. Masud Bin Momen, Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the UN, outlined challenges on data revolution, including: ensuring accessible and qualified data in developing countries; lack of resources and capacity on data collection; and minimizing risks of data revolution, such as privacy and confidentiality. He called for regional and international support to improve data availability. Live Margrethe Rognerud, Statistics Norway, underlined the important role of national statistics offices in: collecting and managing data already available; improving civil registration systems through public-private partnerships; and efficiently producing statistics at lower cost. She called for alternative data sources to fill the information gaps between the data we use, and available data not used. Stefan Schweinfest, UN DESA, underscored the need to establish a mechanism to coordinate and synthesize various sources of statistical data, including: geospatial information; administrative data; big data; and open data. Anir Chowdhury, Access to Information (a2i), Bangladesh, outlined his country’s efforts to: institutionalize data mindset, with the government using one performance management system across ministries and agencies; promote the Open Government Data Portal, a one-stop access to publicly available government data; and develop a data integration framework to set technical standards on data use. He stressed that data analytics are essential for decision making. Douglas Keh, UNDP, stressed the lack of resources and emphasized the importance of advocacy urging governments to prioritize and invest more in data revolution. Robert Kirkpatrick, UN Global Pulse, stressed the need to scale up projects on big data, including: use of remote sensing to count roofs and identify the type of material used as a proxy poverty indicator in Uganda; and the creation of a social media platform in Africa to understand fluctuations in food price and situations of flood. Umar Serajuddin, World Bank, underscored the benefits of open data, including increased data availability and easier access to information. He stressed the need for open standards and called for “open mind” to make data accessible and usable for all. Thao Nguyen, Strategic Partnership for the Asia Pacific, Airbnb, said data sharing on maps helped cities and communities in Asia develop resilient transportation systems. She called for conversation with governments at the HLPF to discuss the potential of data sharing to achieve the SDGs. In ensuing discussion, participants commented on: potential regulations on open data and big data; the need for qualitative analyses on making data revolution truly inclusive; and challenges on ensuring transparency. Douglas Keh, UNDP, said we need to use statistics and data revolution more effectively for development Moderator Abul Kalam Azad, Prime Minister’s Office, Bangladesh, said it is imperative to leverage the right data at the right time for achieving the SDGs Panelists during the discussion Robert Kirkpatrick, UN Global Pulse, highlighted the use of mobile data for predicting or tracking disease outbreaks and population displacement A participant at the event Contacts: Ramiz Uddin | ramizuddin@a2i.pmo.gov.bd More Information: www.a2i.gov.bd/ Effective Implementation, Monitoring and Financing of SDG 11Presented by the United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat) This side event was convened to provide inputs to the HLPF review of SDG 11 on inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements, focusing on: how interrelations across development goals can be enhanced and policy coherence be achieved; and key enablers that accelerate implementation, monitoring, and financing for SDG 11. Moderator Eduardo Lopez Moreno, UN-Habitat, opened the event, noting that implementing the New Urban Agenda helps measure actions and create synergies between SDG-related initiatives. He said that data and information is “no longer a secret.” Maimunah Mohd Sharif, UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director, UN-Habitat, stressed that SDG 11 plays a fundamental role in catalyzing all 17 SDGs, especially ones related to energy, economy, environment, society, and science and technology. She said the voluntary national reviews (VNRs) demonstrated that countries are making progress but not aligning SDG-related policies to: enforce ownership; effectively collect and use data; and improve finance. Mohd Sharif said that the UN Habitat’s City Prosperity Initiative (CPI) offers tools and methodologies for cities to formulate policies and monitor and report progress, and highlighted that over 400 cities worldwide are using the CPI. Sylvia Meier-Kajbic, Austrian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (EU), noted that the EU has identified SDG 11 as a priority, and that it was integrating the SDGs into its policies, including though: the EU Cohesion Policy that promotes local implementation of national urban policies by earmarking funds for integrated sustainable urban strategies; voluntary commitments, such as the Urban Agenda for the EU; the International Urban Cooperation Programme; development of a common definition of cities; and the EU Council conclusions, which aim to renew support for SDGs implementation at the local level. She said that the next step is to develop the EU Reflection Paper on mainstreaming SDGs into EU policies in the longer term. Thomas De Bethune, European Commission, said the Urban Agenda for the EU is a new multi-level cooperation mechanism that aims to: involve cities in design and implementation of EU funding and legislation; and include the urban dimension in EU policies. He called for an integrated approach to tackle complex urban challenges. Rosario Robles, Minister of Agrarian, Land and Urban Development, Mexico, outlined her country’s efforts to: integrate SDGs into national urban policies, including a housing policy; and reform laws, such as those related to human settlements, territorial planning and urban development, to better align with the SDGs; and develop a national strategy for land management. Noting challenges remain on ensuring accountability and improving data, she said Mexico will continue its commitment to implementing the SDGs. Carlos Zedillo, Infonavit, noted that 305 cities in Mexico use the CPI. He said Infonavit’s study on urban planning and social housing in Mexico provides guidelines for coordinating data and developing urban indicators. He emphasized the need to synthesize results of this study and share them with other cities in the world. Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, Executive Director, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), spoke about the importance of deepening regional efforts for successful implementation of SDG 11 and other SDGs, including through: adoption of a regional urban agenda and regional and sub-regional action plans; multi-stakeholder platforms for the private sector to understand what local authorities need; a regional observatory for comparative analyses of national urban plans; and harnessing data availability and accessibility. Noting that cities in Latin America have the least productivity in the world, she underscored the importance of a people-centered and gender-sensitive approach. Mahmoud Mohieldin, Senior Vice President, World Bank, underlined challenges for securing development finance for cites, including inadequate data on cities and the need to effectively utilize local knowledge and capacities. He called for: mobilizing finance through partnerships; involving the private sector; and improving coordination between central and local governments to enhance transparency on how money is spent and data are utilized. During the ensuing discussion, topics included: disaggregating data at the local level to enhance access and usability; the role of culture and heritage as a cross-cutting issue in the SDGs; tools and solutions for implementation of the SDGs; municipal ID, the Right to the City, and no one left behind in the UN-Habitat framework; linking culture and urban renewal; and strengthening partnerships on SDG 11 and under SDG 17. Thomas De Bethune, EC, presenting the “Urban Agenda for the EU” Sylvia Meier-Kajbic, EU, said EU is now strengthening partnerships with local authorities in the third countries Carlos Zedillo, Infonavit, stressed CPI is a strategic tool to use data for decision making on urban sustainability Mahmoud Mohieldin, World Bank, said improving data quality helps cities mobilize finance for implementing SDG 11 Panel during a presentation on the importance of an integrated approach Rosario Robles, Minister of Agrarian, Land and Urban Development, Mexico, said her country made progress on affordable housing, compact cities, and access to public space UN-Habitat reports on sustainable cities and communities A participant taking notes at the event Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, ECLAC, emphasized the need to improve urban data production and processing capacities for the attainment of SDG 11 Eduardo Lopez Moreno, UN-Habitat, brings the event to a close Participants in the Trusteeship Council Chamber Capturing the moment Contact: Eduardo Moreno | eduardo.moreno@un.org Alejandra Perez | alejandra.perez@un.org More Information: www.unhabitat.org Around the Venue

On Thursday, SBI 2 delegates met in plenary in the morning, afternoon, and evening, and addressed conference room papers (CRPs) on: mainstreaming of biodiversity within and across sectors and other strategic actions to enhance implementation; resource mobilization, including elements of methodological guidance for identifying, monitoring and assessing the contribution of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) to the achievement of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Targets, and taking the voluntary guidelines on safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms into account when selecting, designing and implementing financing mechanisms and when developing instrument-specific safeguards; global multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism under the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing (ABS); capacity building, technical and scientific cooperation and technology transfer; national reporting, and assessment and review, under the Convention and its Protocols; the trust fund for facilitating the participation of parties in the Convention process; mechanisms to facilitate review of implementation; integration of Article 8(j) and provisions related to IPLCs in the work of the Convention and its Protocols; review of the effectiveness of processes under the Convention and its Protocols; monitoring and reporting under Article 33 of the Biosafety Protocol; national reporting under the Convention and its Protocols; specialized international ABS instruments in the context of Article 4(4) of the Nagoya Protocol; review of implementation of the financial mechanism; proposals for a comprehensive and participatory process for the preparation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework; and cooperation with other conventions, international organizations and partnerships. For extensive details on the day’s negotiations and to hear what delegates said in the corridors, see our daily Earth Negotiations Bulletin. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis from SBSTTA 22 and SBI 2. Photos by IISD/ENB | Franz Dejon For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page L-R: Jyoti Mathur-Filipp, CBD Secretariat; SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda); and Amy Ann Fraenkel, CBD Secretariat SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda) Jyoti Mathur-Filipp, CBD Secretariat CBD Executive Secretary Cristiana Paşca Palmer L-R: Hesiquio Benítez Díaz and Edda Fernández Luiselli, Mexico Laure Ledoux, EU Shirin Karryeva, Turkmenistan Nicky Black, International Council on Mining and Metals Elizabeth Munro, Cook Islands Luciano Donadio, Argentina Rosemary Paterson, New Zealand Jorge Murillo, Colombia José Luis Echeverría Tello, Guatemala Kelly Torck, Canada Larbi Sbaï, Morocco Gaute Voigt-Hanssen, Norway Stephanie Aktipis, US Edison Mayorga, Venezuela Parveen Ejaz, Pakistan Marci Gompers-Small, Suriname Ana Paula Francisco, Mozambique L-R: Patrick Wargute and Samuel Mutuku Kasiki, Kenya L-R: Victor Alvarado, Hesiquio Benítez Díaz and Mariana Bellot Rojas, Mexico CBD Secretariat staff advising SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda) Delegates from South Africa consulting SBI 2 Snapshots Delegates from ASEAN countries with participants from the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity L-R: Erie Tamale, CBD Secretariat; and SBI 2 Chair Francis Ogwal (Uganda) L-R: Alissa Takesy, Federated States of Micronesia; and Joan Yang, Palau Delegates from Small Island Developing States L-R: Sol Guerrero Ortiz and Natalhie Campos-Reales Pineda, Mexico Participants from the Philippines and the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity

Delegates to the fortieth meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 40) continued their deliberations on Thursday, considering the following agenda items: TEAP Report on energy efficiency in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump (RACHP) sectors as well as the key messages from the workshop on energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down HFCs; Requirements for HCFCs for 2020 to 2030 for non-Article 5; and Global Emissions of CFC-11. Some of these discussions continued in informal consultations in the evening. Two contact groups, tasked to reach agreement on details needed for the implementation of the Kigali Amendment, met throughout the day, focusing on clarifying data reporting issues and approving destruction technologies for HFCs. A third contact group, on linkages between HCFCs and HFCs in transitioning to low global warming potential (GWP) alternatives, met in the evening. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, has providing daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis from OEWG 40. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Plenary Session View of the dais during the plenary session OEWG 40 Co-Chair Cindy Newberg, US OEWG 40 Co-Chair Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait Bella Maranion, Fabio Polonara, and Suely Carvalho, Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Obed Baloyi, South Africa Nora Al-Otaibi, Saudi Arabia Wenfu Dong, China Cheikh Ndiaye Sylla, Senegal Samuel Pare, Burkina Faso Philippe Chemouny, Canada Annie Gabriel, Australia From L-R: Amna Kazim, UAE; Saad Aldeen AlNumairy, UAE; and Hassan Ali Mubarak, Bahrain Laura Juliana Arciniegas, Colombia Kujabi Abubacarr, the Gambia Hassan Ali Mubarak, Bahrain Laura Berón, Argentina Contact Group on Data Reporting Under Article 7 and Related Issues From L-R: Zhong Zhifeng, China; Martin Sirois, Canada; and Gerald Mutisya, Ozone Secretariat Cornelius Rhein, EU Tom Land, US Radhey Agarwal, India View of the room during the Contact Group Contact Group on Destruction Technologies Bitul Zulhasni, Indonesia, and Ralph Brieskorn, the Netherlands Cornelius Rhein, EU, with Husamuddin Ahmadzai, Sweden Augustin Sánchez Guevara, Mexico Helen Walter-Terrinoni, TEAP View of the room during the Contact Group Contact group on HCFCs and HFCs linkages Philippe Chemouny, Canada, and Obed Baloyi, South Africa Philip Owen, and Cornelius Rhein, EU Taha Mohammed Zatari, Saudi Arabia Ana Maria Kleymeyer, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) John Thompson, US Between Sessions John Thompson, US, with Taha Mohammed Zatari, Saudi Arabia Gerald Mutisya, Ozone Secretariat, and Cornelius Rhein, EU Nadia Sohier Zaman, IISD, and Kevin Mead, Canada Participants during the lunch break