European Union

On Tuesday, the UN Climate Change Conference in Marrakech, Morocco, convened. In the morning, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) met in a contact group to discuss all its substantive agenda items, and the joint COP/CMP plenary resumed to hear statements. Several contact groups and informal consultations under the SBI, SBSTA and APA convened throughout the day. The APA met in informal consultations on: further guidance in relation to the mitigation section of decision 1/CP.21 (the Paris outcome); modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support; matters relating to the global stocktake; modalities and procedures for the effective operation of the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance; and further matters related to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The COP Presidency also held informal consultations on the first session of the COP serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Contact Group View of the dais during the APA contact group APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand APA Co-Chair Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Jacob Werksman, EU Patrick Suckling, Australia Franz Perrez, Switzerland Diego Pacheco Balanza, Bolivia Ian Fry, Tuvalu Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) In-Session Workshop Delegates during the SBSTA in-session workshop on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions in accordance with Article 9.7 of the Paris Agreement Workshop Co-Facilitator Rafael Da Soler, Brazil Vicky Noens, Belgium Andrés Mogro, Ecuador Aishath Aileen Niyaz, Maldives Randy Caruso, US Evans Davie Njewa, Malawi Bernarditas Muller, the Philippines Raphael Jachnik, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Joint COP/CMP Resumed Plenary View of the dais during the COP/CMP resumed plenary Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Hussein Alfa Nafo, Mali, speaking on behalf of the African Group Manasvi Srisodapol, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Jaime Hermida, Nicaragua, speaking on behalf of the Central American Integration System (SICA) Abdullahi Majeed, Maldives, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Contact Group View of the dais during the SBI contact group on budget performance for the biennium 2016-2017 Contact Group Chair Kunihiko Shimada, Japan Philip Weech, the Bahamas Erwin Rose, US Civil Society Demonstration Members of civil society advocate for investing in climate justice as opposed to war Informal Consultations throughout the Day The COP 22/CMP 12 Presidency conducts informal consultations on the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1) SBSTA informal consultations on the technology framework referred to in Article 10.4 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement The SBI and SBSTA Chairs hold a dialogue with observer organizations SBSTA informal consultations on greenhouse gas data interface Around the Venue Delegates enter the negotiating room for APA consultations Delegates from Norway Delegates from the US and Colombia The youngest delegate in plenary Delegates between sessions Oleg Shamanov, Russian Federation, and Abdullah K. Tawlah, Saudi Arabia Delegates huddle to discuss matters informally Delegates between sessions

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Tuesday, 8 November 2016: NAMAs as Building Blocks to Drive NDCs Implementation Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds) The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris Agreement Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change Adaptation Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris Regime IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as building blocks to drive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ImplementationPresented by the New Nordic Climate Solutions, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate; Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica (MINAE); and Colombian Strategy for Low-Carbon Development This event was moderated by Ash Sharma, Danida, who presented experiences from the NAMA Facility. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, acknowledged that international attention has moved from NAMAs to NDCs, and proposed that NAMAs contribute to transforming NDCs into concrete implementable and financeable programmes and projects. He explained that climate change donors from his country support creating enabling environments, mainstreaming climate change in policies and regulations, capacity building and institutional strengthening, and mobilizing private finance. Iván Darío Valencia, Colombia’s Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, introduced projects on Transport Oriented Development (TOD) and on promoting domestic HFC-free refrigerators as well as their corresponding NAMA financial structure. He discussed four TOD NAMA city projects and a project to introduce 4.7 million HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia. Andrea Meza Murillo, Costa Rica’s Ministry of Environment and Energy, presented on a low-carbon coffee project in Costa Rica. She noted that the private sector sees this low-emission coffee project as an opportunity of increasing productivity by reducing inefficiencies in mitigation and adaptation. Highlighting the impact that the recent Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer would have on the air conditioning sector, Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, presented on a €14.7 million project for the sector-wide transition to using climate-friendly energy efficient cooling technologies. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed the importance of, inter alia: NAMAs post-Paris; NAMA support for the private sector to adopt new technologies; and barriers and success criteria in NAMA implementation. Andrea Meza Murillo, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica, noted that the coffee sector accounts for nearly a quarter of Costa Rica’s agricultural and livestock sector emissions and national areas under agriculture production. Iván Darío Valencia, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Colombia, presented on projects on Transport Oriented Development and on the domestic refrigeration sector to promote HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia, along with their corresponding NAMA financial structure. Ash Sharma, Danida, moderated the event on NAMAs as building blocks to drive NDCs Implementation. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, explained that NAMA complements bilateral collaboration. Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, drew attention to the fact that the energy sector represents 73% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Thailand. Contacts: Ash Sharma | ash.sharma@NAMA-facility.org More Information: www.NAMA-facility.org Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)Presented by the University of Texas at Austin, the Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA) and the European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO2 (CO2GeoNet) This side event, moderated by Tim Dixon, International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme (IEAGHG), considered progress towards CCS deployment in Africa and global CCS onshore and offshore developments relevant for Africa. Dixon provided an overview of CCS development under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), highlighting the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana, noted that the continent is rich in energy resources but poor in energy supply. He stressed that Africa has hardly benefitted from the carbon market under the Kyoto Protocol, highlighting opportunities for carbon trade under new carbon market mechanisms, as well as for knowledge and technology transfers. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, provided an overview of CCS development in South Africa. Noting the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels, he described CCS as a transition technology and a part of the national long-term mitigation scenarios. He presented on the South African CCS Road Map, highlighting the legal and regulatory frameworks as well as the inclusion of stakeholder engagement. Discussing the Boundary Dam CCS project in Saskatchewan, Canada, the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project at a coal-fired generating station, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, underscored the Centre’s mandate and mission to advance the understanding and use of CCS as a means of managing GHG emissions, and to accelerate deployment of CCS worldwide. Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, provided an overview of CCS pilot projects in Europe, focusing on opportunities for collaboration. He described the K12-B pilot, located offshore of the Netherlands in the North Sea and stressed the role for forerunner countries to help build capacity in other regions. Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, addressed specific actions to get countries on the path of CCS. Noting that offshore CO2 storage potential is “huge” and stressing available technical assistance on climate technologies for developing countries, she highlighted the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and the Gulf Coast Carbon Center (GCCC). Felicia Chinwe Mogo, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), highlighted, via a video message, the Nigerian pathway towards CCS, noting the potential financial gains and employment opportunities that can be generated through the sustainable utilization of resources in the marine environment. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: the potential for offshore CCS; potential negative implications due to leakages; comparisons between CCS and biological carbon reduction methods;the transferability of technology and associated high costs; the use of organic versus non-organic fertilizers in agriculture; and funding challenges related to CCS technologies deployment. From L-R: Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana; Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute; Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre; Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet; and Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, stressed that opportunities are available at all levels for getting on the path of CCS. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, said that CCS is included in the country’s national development plan 2030. Discussing CCS, Tim Dixon, IEAGHG, noted that actions need to be pursued by stakeholders in all sectors to achieve an optimal transition strategy. Drawing attention to the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, stressed that “we now know that the technology works.” Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, underscored the organization’s long track record regarding collaboration activities at laboratory and pilot scale levels. Contacts: Tim Dixon | Tim.Dixon@ieaghg.org More Information: www.co2geonet.com www.utexas.edu www.ccsassociation.org Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds)Presented by the Tebtebba Foundation This side event, moderated by Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, addressed the challenges and prospects of indigenous peoples having direct access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). Balawag provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ engagement with other global processes and funding mechanisms, underscoring the necessity of their full and effective engagement in these processes. She said that, in some instances, advisory groups have been established to meet this need. She urged that the GCF effectively engage with indigenous peoples to: develop relevant policies and frameworks; establish safeguards and grievance mechanisms; provide guidelines for engagement; and create a dedicated grant for Indigenous Peoples. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, Indigenous Livelihoods Enhancement Partners (ILEPA), Kenya, lamented the GCF’s indirect recognition of indigenous peoples, saying that this is because the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) Environmental and Social Performance Standards have been adopted as interim safeguards. Kimaren Riamit said that development of an appropriate policy for the GCF would allow for free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for approved projects. Joan Carling, Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), said that some of the approved GCF projects pose serious threats to indigenous peoples, citing a dam project in Nepal. She said that while the GCF has adopted the IFC standards as interim safeguards, these were not considered in the Nepalese dam project. She stressed that there is a need to recognize indigenous peoples' rights and obtain their consent to the use of their land and resources, properly compensate them for such usage and include them in a benefit-sharing arrangement, should consent be provided. Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, Centre for Indigenous Cultures in Peru (CHIRAPAQ), provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ experiences in Peru, underscoring that their knowledge systems contribute to food production and climate resilience through using indigenous knowledge to select appropriate crops and technology. She said that an alliance has been formed between two local communities to share knowledge and culture for enhanced food production. During discussions, participants addressed: the appropriateness of indigenous peoples having direct access to the GCF; Indigenous peoples’ accessing GCF funding through country-driven processes; the use of philanthropic organizations as a funding and advocacy pathway; and IFC standards as a minimum standard for the GCF. From L-R: Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, Peru; Grace Balawag, Tebtebba; Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya; and Joan Carling, AIPP Joan Carling, AIPP, said that if the Paris Agreement is to be effectively implemented, “we must go beyond business as usual and recognize indigenous peoples’ rights to ensure that their knowledge, culture and well-being continue.” Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, said that awareness of indigenous peoples’ knowledge is not lacking, but rather that their knowledge is undervalued. Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, said that full and effective participation of indigenous peoples leads to a common understanding of indigenous peoples and their needs. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya said that indigenous peoples’ inclusion in the GCF interim safeguards is not a “contemplated” inclusion, and thus the GCF is “Indigenous Peoples-light.” Room view during the event Contacts: Raymond de Chavez, Tebtebba Foundation (Coordinator) | raymond@tebtebba.org Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ | warmi@chirapaq.org.pe More Information: www.tebtebba.org/index.php/content/385-indigenous-peoples-and-the-gcf-side-event/ The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris AgreementPresented by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Avina and Climate Action Network (CAN) Moderator Wael Hmaidan, Director, CAN, presented several questions to the panelists, including on the role of non-state actors in global climate action, and how to raise ambition. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called for innovative financial mechanisms, improved transparency and accountability. He suggested that parties report at the global level and to their citizens in order to engage them in climate action. Asking how to develop stronger partnerships between state and non-state actors, Hakima El Haité, High-level Climate Champion, Morocco, suggested integrating non-state climate actions within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Calling cities “climate leaders,” Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, called for measuring and reporting cities’ emissions to share what cities have done and to learn from each other.  Stating that “the Global Climate Action Agenda has provided the courage for companies to act,” Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH, noted that over 200 million equities were divested from coal-based business models. Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project, highlighted that almost 200 companies have committed to science-based targets, with many having committed to 100% renewable energy targets. Calling for moving from commitment to implementation, Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina, encouraged a more prominent role for civil society to reinforce the Global Climate Action Agenda. Laurence Tubiana, High-Level Climate Champion, France, called for governments and civil society actors to come together in Marrakech to produce a plan of action before 2018. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: how to connect climate actions to the World Economic Forum; how energy taxes can support a transition to renewables; and the need to show the value of both state and non-state climate actions. From L-R: Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader; Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina; Katarina Luhr, Vice Mayor of Environment of Stockholm, Sweden; Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project; and Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, explained that cities are competing to be the strongest on climate action, calling this competition useful for building ambition and for learning. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called the Global Climate Action Agenda a “collective, collaborative and integrative effort.” Hakima El Haité, High-Level Climate Champion, Morocco, underscored the importance of non-state actors in implementing climate actions, stating that these actions should “fit together” to close the pre-2020 emissions gap. Contacts: Gillian Nelson (coordinator) | gnelson@climatenetwork.org Mandy Woods (coordinator) | mwoods@wwf.org.za More Information: wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/climate_carbon_energy/ www.climatenetwork.org/ www.avina.net/avina/ seors.unfccc.int Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change AdaptationPresented by Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Tanzania Indigenous Peoples Taskforce on Climate Change (TIPTCC), Pastoralists Indigenous Non-Governmental Organizations Forum (PINGOs Forum), Congrès Mondial Amazigh (CMA), Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) and Mainyoito Pastoralists Integrated Development Organisation (MPIDO) This side event, moderated by Kathrin Wessendorf, IWGIA, aimed to promote solutions to maximize adaptation efforts and interventions through integration of indigenous peoples’ knowledge. Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, provided an overview of traditional practices and knowledge of the Amazighen people (Berbers) relevant to climate change, an ethnic group indigenous to many countries of North Africa. Proposing to create a database of traditional knowledge open to all humankind, she focused on their calendar divisions linked with agricultural practices, cultivations’ rotation and spiritual connection with nature. Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, focused on the holistic land use and livelihoods system of indigenous peoples as a means to adapt to climate change. Using a case study from the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, he addressed, among others: categories of land types and land use; rice cultivation practices; and mixed farming. He concluded that the way the community uses resources reflects their intricate knowledge of the different ecosystems within their territory. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that addressing climate change in East Africa is a matter of state policies with little regard for indigenous knowledge and existing livelihoods. Pointing to the negative perceptions of pastoralism, he underscored that indigenous peoples’ knowledge needs to be integrated into policy making and implementation of climate change actions. Stressing that climate change is mainly felt at the household level thus making women critical agents, Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya, said that Western influence has “undermined and crushed” the traditional knowledge of many indigenous peoples. Underscoring the need for a link among the broad principles of the Paris Agreement and the realities of people on the ground, he urged bringing traditional knowledge and women to the center of the discussion. Noting that indigenous knowledge is key to combatting climate change and underscoring the need to protect indigenous peoples’ rights, Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN, said that the production and reproduction of social, cultural, political and environmental values of indigenous peoples are embedded in their local environment and nature. During discussions, participants addressed, inter alia: the ratification process of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP); the relationship between scientific research and traditional knowledge; and ways to further recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights. From L-R: Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania; Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP; Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN; Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya; and Kamira Nait Sid, CMA Discussing the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, underscored the complex system of land use, which must be approached holistically. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that modern conservation ideas often involve “conservation without people.” Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, underscored that traditional knowledge must be analyzed, supported and integrated into scientific research. Contacts: Kathrin Wessendorf | kw@iwgia.org More Information: www.aippnet.org www.iwgia.org www.pingosforum.or.tz www.congres-mondial-amazigh.org www.nefin.org.np www.mpido.org Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris RegimePresented by Climate Action Network Canada (CAN-Rac) Alison Doig, Christian Aid, moderated the event, asking why equity is still an issue within the climate change negotiations. Reflecting on the history of the climate change negotiations, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, recalled that, in climate change discussions, fairness and equity are “unspoken topics.” She suggested that those involved in the process of formulating Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) share their perspectives with other interested stakeholders giving sufficient time for comment. Stating that the global climate response needs to be fair in order to be effective, Sivan Kartha, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), explained that a country is more likely to be successful in addressing climate change if other countries perceive they are doing their fair share and all other countries are also doing their part. Acknowledging that a focus on the 1.5°C target may detract from the necessary focus on equity, Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, said that equity must continue to be a key focus and should be considered together with finances in order to support action. Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project, outlined elements which should be included within the global stocktake, including: differentiation; disaggregation; explicit attention to equity; and a role for civil society. Stating that climate funding for developing countries should not be redirected from other concerns, Timmons Roberts, Brown University, called for adequate, predicable and “just” finance, cautioning that current pledges are unclear and inadequate, including their allocation and delivery. The ensuing discussion considered, inter alia: how to address equity across the entire UN system; secured finance for adaptation; a civil society review; clear understanding of a baseline; and historical emissions. From L-R: Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project; Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy; Sivan Kartha, SEI; Alison Doig, Christian Aid; Timmons Roberts, Brown University; and Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development Referring to the climate change negotiation process, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, called moral and ethical considerations “inherently relational.” Calling for a focus on equity, Sivan Kartha, SEI, said that a fair agreement is more likely to work. Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, reiterated that equity is not just a principle of justice but also a practical necessity. Contacts: Christian Holz (coordinator) | cholz@climateequityreference.org More Information: www.civilsocietyreview.org/ About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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The fifty-second session of the International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC) entered its second day of discussions today in Yokohama, Japan. In the morning, the Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) discussed the approved biennial administrative budget for 2016-2017, contributions to the administrative budgets, the auditor's reports for the financial years 2014 and 2015, appointment of the auditor, the current status of the administrative account, and the resources for the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund. In the afternoon, delegates met in a Council session to discuss the biennial review and assessment of the international timber situation in 2015–2016, and to decide whether to hold a special vote for the election of the Executive Director. Later in the afternoon, the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) and the Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets and the Committee on Forest Industry (CEM-CFI) met in parallel. The CRF discussed new projects and pre-projects, reviewed completed projects as well as policy work on: criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management; promoting the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems; promoting the implementation of guidelines for the management of secondary tropical forests, the restoration of degraded tropical forests and the rehabilitation of degraded forest land; and ITTO guidelines to incorporate gender equity in the organization's activities, programmes and projects.The CEM-CFI discussed new projects and pre-projects, a report on completed projects and pre-projects and ex-post evaluation of projects. In the evening a reception was held for delegates hosted by the ITTC-52 Chair, Jennifer Conje (US). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Committee Session on Finance and Administration (CFA) Dais during the session on finance and administration with L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Vice-Chair of CFA; Rob Busink, Chair of CFA; Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat; Gerhard Breulmann, ITTO Secretariat; and Maiko Suzuki, ITTO Secretariat Robert Nyarkoh, Ghana Jill Hanna, EU Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat, presenting an overview of ITTO's accounts Current ITTO auditors being questioned by ITTC delegate members Hiroyuki Nishiura, Japan Stephanie McFadden O'Neill, US Carolyn Guy, New Zealand Chen Hongying, China Zhang Zhongtian, China Jorge Malleux, Peru L-R: John Leigh, Peru, in conversation with Freezailah Che Yeom, Malaysia Council Session Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52 Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52 Frances Maplesden, ITTO Consultant, presented on elements for the Biennial Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2015-2016 Putera Parthama, Indonesia Gabriel Dusava, Papua New Guinea Álvaro Samayoa, Guatemala Katharina Kuehmayer, Austria, presented updates to the Credentials Committee's report Catherine Karr-Colque, US Sarquis Buiainain Sarquis, Brazil Carlos Moreno, UNCTAD Legal Adviser Delegates from Latin America producer member countries, consulting Delegates from Mexico casting their vote Screenshot of the voting result where a simple majority was not reached to proceed to a special vote on election of the Executive Director Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management View of a session on CRF L-R: Hwan Ok-Ma, ITTO Secretariat; Marjukka Mähönen, Vice-Chair of CRF; and Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat Hwan Ok-Ma, ITTO Secretariat Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets (CEM) and Committee on Forest Industry (CFI) View of a session on CEM and CFI L-R: Akiko Nakano, Chair of CFI and Alicia Grimes, Chair of CEM Valéria Rigueira, Brazil ITTC-52 Snapshots Photo exhibit of ITTO projects L-R: Maki Omata; Theresa Boliko; Naho Tamura; Kanako Ishii, ITTO Secretariat, with invited market discussion speaker Barney Chan L-R: Hwan Ok-Ma, Alastair Sarre, and Charas Mayura, ITTO Secretariat L-R: Katharina Kuehmayer, Austria; Kanako Ishii, ITTO Secretariat; and Debbie Davenport, IISD/ENB

On Monday, 7 November, COP 21/CMP 11 President Ségolène Royal, France, opened the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Marrakech, Morocco. Parties elected Salaheddine Mezouar, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco, as the COP 22/CMP 12 President by acclamation. Welcoming delegates to the "red city," he said the conference demonstrates a whole continent’s commitment to climate action. Throughout the day, opening plenaries convened for the Conference of the Parties (COP), COP serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP), Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA). In the afternoon, SBSTA and SBI contact groups and informal consultations met. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. COP 22/CMP 12 Opening Plenary View of the dais during the COP 22/CMP 12 opening plenary UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Salaheddine Mezouar, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco, and COP 22/CMP 12 President Mohammed Larbi Belcadi, Mayor of Marrakech, Morocco Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President Hoesung Lee, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Chair Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President, hands over the gavel to Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Delegates shine solar lights as a symbol of the transformation to clean technology which is essential to achieve the Paris Agreement goals Performers play traditional Moroccan drums to welcome delegates to the Marrakech Climate Change Conference Delegates during plenary Paul Watkinson, France Elina Bardram, EU Franz Perrez, Switzerland Khalid Muhammed Abuleif, Saudi Arabia Mehmet Emin Birpınar, Turkey Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the SBSTA opening plenary SBSTA Chair Carlos Fuller, Belize Andrea Faulkner, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Martin Cames, EU Spencer Linus Thomas, Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Advisory Board Mareer Mohamed Husny, Maldives Kanchana Patarachoke, Thailand, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the SBI opening plenary SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Rawleston Moore, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Shereen D'Souza, US Victor Kabengele wa Kadilu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Opening Plenary View of the dais during the APA opening plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Patrick Suckling, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia, speaking on behalf of the Arab Group Adriana Murillo, Costa Rica, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) Contact Groups and Informal Consultations throughout the Day SBSTA contact group on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions in accordance with Article 9.7 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement SBSTA informal consultations on greenhouse gas data interface Welcome Reception Hosted by the Government of Morocco Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President, and Ségolène Royal, COP 21/CMP 11 President, welcome delegates to the reception Around the Venue Delegates enter the Marrakech plenary hall Football stars gather outside the Marrakech plenary UNFCCC Global Climate Action Champion Hakima El Haité, Morocco, speaks with the press Delegates from Mali confer Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF International and former COP 20/CMP 10 President Hoesung Lee, IPCC Chair, enters the plenary with UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa and Salaheddine Mezouar, COP 22/CMP 12 President Solar powered lights during the opening plenary APA Co-Chairs Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia, and Jo Tyndall, New Zealand Delegates from Oman Delegates from Venezuela Moroccan delegates walk throug the venue, lead by UNFCCC Global Climate Champion Hakima El Haité, Morocco Photographic exhibition on display throughout the venue Artwork created by Nordine Znati, Morocco

The second meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Ad Hoc Expert Group (AHEG2) on Matters Referred to in Paragraph 48 of UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) resolution 2015/33 ‘International Arrangement on Forests Beyond 2015” opened on Monday, 24 October 2016 at the UN Conference Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. In the morning, delegates adopted the agenda and programme of work for the week. They heard opening statements and presentations of two expert meetings: Enhancing regional and sub-regional involvement in the work of the IAF; and strengthening Major Groups and other stakeholders’ engagement in the work of the IAF. Participants also made general comments on the Co-Chairs revised proposals for the UN Strategic Plan for Forests 2017-2030 (the Strategic Plan) and the quadrennial programme of work 2017-2020 (4POW). In the afternoon delegates discussed the Co-Chairs’ revised proposals for the Strategic Plan, focusing on: the Introduction; Vision and mission; and Global goals, associated targets, thematic areas and priority actions. Delegates indicated their preference for the different options presented by the Co-Chairs for the vision and mission of the Strategic Plan, and proposed global forest goals under the section entitled ‘Value of the IAF in the global context.’ IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web updates from UNFF AHEG2. In addition, IISD Reporting Services has published a summary and analysis report in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page View of the morning dais Brazil Slovakia for the EU View of the afternoon dais