European Union

Highlights for Tuesday, 2 July 2019 Helen Walter-Terrinoni, Co-Chair, TEAP Task Force on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11, in discussions with other TEAP members Delegates convened for the second day of the forty-first meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 41) on Tuesday, 2 July 2019, in Bangkok, Thailand.Plenary discussions addressed the Quadrennial Assessment of the Montreal Protocol for 2018, and potential areas of focus for the 2022 Assessment; as well as the Technical and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) 2019 report.Highlights of the discussions include: the TEAP and its associated Technical Options Committees (TOCs), presenting its Quadrennial Assessment, stating that the Protocol’s sustained success hinges on parties’ continued vigilance to fulfil their commitments and prevent any future actions...nullifying the ozone and climate benefits achieved thus far; relationship between stratospheric ozone and proposed solar radiation management strategies; on-going reported emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CTC); submission of four nominations for critical-use exemptions for methyl bromide; nine specific lab and analytical procedures being recommended for removal from those uses included in the global essential-use exemption; and possible revisions needed in the list of ozone depleting substances used as process agents. Two side events were held during the lunch break: The Online Reporting Tool presented by the Ozone Secretariat, and ‘Opportunities to Finance Energy Efficiency alongside the HFC Phasedown – Organizer’ presented by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).Following the meetings of the contact groups on CFC-11 issues, and the Multilateral Fund Replenishment Study Terms of Reference, delegates noted that even by the end of day two “we have only started to scrape the surface of the work that needs to be done.” Many said that while the deliberations have largely been rote, and requests for more time predictable, “the more we can do now, means a smoother Meeting of the Parties in November.” IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) meeting coverage, is providing daily web coverage from OEWG 41. In addition, IISD Reporting Services has published a summary and analysis from the meeting, which is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page TEAP Co-Chair Fabio Polonara, giving a presentation View of the room during the morning session Ghazi Al Odat, Jordan Zia Ul Islam, Pakistan Hasan Mubarak, Bahrain, consulting with Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait Silvana Bunea and Claudia-Georgiana Dumitru, Romania Youssef Hammami, Tunisia Delegates listening to a presentation ENB team taking notes Cindy Newberg, US Henry Wohrnschimmel, Switzerland Nancy Akerman, US Angela Patricia Rivera Galvis, Colombia Ana María Kleymeyer, Federated States of Micronesia Co-Chair TEAP Bella Maranion Halons TOC Co-Chair Dan Verdonik Charles Kanu Ikeah, Nigeria Martin Sirois, Canada Ather Aljarboa, Saudi Arabia The dais during the afternoon session Martin Sirois, Philippe Chemouny, and Nicole Folliet, Canada, speaking informally with Philip Owen, EU Contact Group on CFC-11 View of the contact group Participants during the contact group Around the Venue

Highlights for Monday, 1 July 2019 John Thompson, US, and Philip Owen, EU, greeting Xia Yingxian and Zhang Jieqing, China at the morning plenary The forty-first meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 41) opened on Monday, 1 July 2019, in Bangkok, Thailand.In their opening addresses, Apichin Jotikasthira, Deputy Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Thailand, urged all parties to ratify the Kigali Amendment as soon as possible. Dechen Tsering, Director, UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, called for ensuring energy efficiency improvements in the refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) sector are included in the Amendment’s implementation. Tina Birmpili, Executive Secretary, Ozone Secretariat, said the CFC-11 case demonstrates the need for continued national vigilance and enforcement and for improving global monitoring.Following organizational matters, delegates addressed the issue of unexpected emissions of CFC-11 (Decision XXX/3). Key highlights include: presentations by the Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP) and the Technical and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Task Force on CFC-11 of their preliminary reports on the issue; parties' discussion on the presentations and a general debate; and establishing a contact group to address two areas, namely technical and scientific issues, including information needs, as well as institutional matters under the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol. Parties also discussed the Terms of References (ToR) for the 2021–2023 Multilateral Fund (MLF) replenishment study, and the Quadrennial Assessment of the Montreal Protocol for 2018 and potential areas of focus for the 2022 Assessment. A contact group was established to discuss the replenishment study ToR.Side events on the India Cooling Action Plan, new insights into the source of increased CFC-11 emissions, and ‘National Cooling Plans: Linking cooling to energy efficiency interventions’ also took place.Delegates arrived at OEWG 41 ready to tackle a heavy agenda with many acknowledging that CFC-11 issues will likely dominate discussions. Some lauded the depth of discussion that had taken place but cautioned that “serious thought” needs to be given on how to improve monitoring, reporting, and verification, and tighten compliance. IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) meeting coverage, is providing daily web coverage from OEWG 41. In addition, IISD Reporting Services has published a summary and analysis from the meeting, which is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page OEWG 41 opening session taking place at the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). OWEG 41 Co-Chair Laura-Juliana Arciniegas, Colombia Apichin Jotikasthira, Thailand Ozone Secretariat Executive Secretary Tina Birmpili Dechen Tsering, Director, UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Delegates listening to the speech by Dechen Tsering Annie Gabriel, Australia Nicole Folliet, Canada Paul Newman, Co-Chair, SAP, presenting the SAP interim report on increased emissions of CFC-11 Helen Tope, Co-Chair, TEAP Task Force on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 Helen Walter-Terrinoni, Co-Chair, TEAP Task Force on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 Philippe Chemouny and Martin Sirois, Canada Zhang Jieqing, China Augustin Sánchez Guevara, Mexico OEWG 41 Co-Chair Alain Wilmart, Belgium Tom Land, US, in a discussion with his colleagues Delegates from Azerbaijan consulting Yaqoub Al-Matouq, Kuwait Laura Berón, Argentina Samuel Paré, Burkina Faso Gilda Maria Torres Ferreira, Paraguay Samin Hoshmand, Afghanistan David Fahey, Co-Chair, SAP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) Co-Chair Janet Bornman, Australia EEAP Co-Chair Nigel Paul, UK Around the Venue

Highlights for Thursday, 27 June 2019 On the last day of the Bonn Climate Change Conference, many countries, including those most vulnerable to climate change, remind delegates that 'science is not negotiable.' The last day of the Bonn Climate Change Conference started slow, to allow parties to work through difficult issues, and ended smoothly, as parties adopted the outcomes of the meetings.In a much-awaited decision on the Special Report on 1.5°C of Global Warming (SR1.5), the SBSTA “expressed its appreciation and gratitude to the IPCC and the scientific community for responding to the invitation of the Conference of the Parties (COP) and providing the SR1.5, which reflects the best available science.” The decision reflected a razor-thin compromise between the many parties who wanted to celebrate the scientific achievements of the report and the few who expressed concerns with the report.Groups of developing countries that are vulnerable to climate change defended the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) SR1.5, saying “listening to science not a choice, but a duty.” Wearing t-shirts that exemplify their message, the Environmental Integrity Group, declared “Science is not negotiable.”Parties agreed to several outcomes, including: Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture: New Zealand will host an intersessional workshop on sustainable land and water management, and strategies and modalities to scale up practices and technologies to increase resilience and sustainable production; The terms of reference for the review of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage associated with climate change impacts was adopted. This sets out the scope of the review of the WIM to take place at the Santiago Climate Change Conference in December 2019. Nairobi Work Programme: The Programme will prioritize thematic areas in its work on adaptation and vulnerability to climate change, namely: extreme weather events, drought, forests and grasslands, oceans, and agriculture and food security. Article 6 (markets and non-market approaches): Countries brought together their work from Katowice to forge a path forward. They agreed to proceed on the basis of texts put together by the Co-Facilitators. As decision looms in Santiago, countries will arrive with an agreed basis for negotiations. The meeting was gavelled to a close at 10:07 pm.The next meeting of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is in December in Santiago, Chile. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2019, which is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Consultations throughout the Day The room is filled to capacity during the SBSTA Chair's consultations with Heads of Delegations. SBI informal consultations on administrative, financial and institutional matters: Programme budget for the biennium 2020–2021. Co-Facilitators and the Secretariat of the SBI/SBSTA informal consultations on the terms of reference for the 2019 review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) share a moment as the session concludes. Family photo of the SBSTA contact group on matters relating to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Delegates huddle informally in the corridors. SBI Closing Plenary SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, eSwatini, closes the SBI plenary. Abdullah Tawlah, Saudi Arabia Ammar Hijazi, Palestine, speaking on behalf of the G-77/China SBSTA Closing Plenary After a week-long heatwave across Europe, SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France, closes the SBSTA plenary with the same image that he showed at the opening plenary: the Keeling Curve, a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. Ana Villalobos, Costa Rica, speaking on behalf of the Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC) Lois Young, Belize, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Franz Perrez, Switzerland, speaking on behalf of the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Ian Fry, Tuvalu, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Ovais Sarmad, UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary Stella Gama, SBSTA Rapporteur SBSTA family photo. Joint Closing Plenary View of the dais during the closing plenary. Ion Cîmpeanu, EU Kunzang, Bhutan, speaking on behalf of the LDCs Majid Shafiepour, Iran, speaking on behalf of the Like-minded Developing Countries (LMDCs) Martine Badibanga Kamunga, Democratic Republic of the Congo, speaking on behalf of the Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Sandra Leticia Guzman Luna, Mexico, speaking on behalf of the EIG Mohamed Nasr, Egypt, speaking on behalf of the African Group Gareth Williams, Australia, speaking on behalf of the Umbrella Group Felipe Andres Gutierrez, Climate Justice Now!, and Paula Tassara, Climate Action Network (CAN), speaking on behalf of the Environmental NGOs (ENGOs) Jisun Hwang, Local Government and Municipal Authorities (LGMA), and Juan Carlos Jintiach, Indigenous Peoples Organizations Dolphine Atieno Magero and Tomasz Ferenz, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Around the Venue Delegates meet informally in the corridors as they wait for the closing plenary to begin. Delegates read the draft conclusions. Ayman Shasly, Saudi Arabia, speaks with his delegation. Representatives of the EIG wear shirts saying "science is not negotiable." Representatives from AOSIS working on loss and damage, and adaptation. YOUNGOs family photo. SBI Family Photo: Katia Simeonova, SBI Coordinator; SBI Chair Emmanuel Dlamini, Laurence Pollier, UNFCCC Secretariat; and Vanessa Matarazzi, UNFCCC Secretariat Ana Villalobos, Costa Rica, and SBSTA Chair Paul Watkinson, France Katia Simeonova, SBI Coordinator Federica Fricano, Italy, speaks with a delegate. Ulrik Lenaerts, Belgium Vladimir Uskov, Russian Federation Delegates between sessions The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) team covering the Bonn Climate Change Conference: Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, Nepal; Nancy Williams, US; Jen Allan, Canada/UK; Bernard Soubry, Canada; Beate Antonich, Germany; and Kiara Worth, South Africa

Highlights for Monday, 24 June 2019 Delegates review a document in the corridors as the second week of the Bonn Climate Change Conference begins. The Bonn Climate Change Conference began its second week of work, with delegates turning their attention to the outcomes of this session that would inform work at the next meeting in Santiago, Chile in December. On several issues, Co-Facilitators presented draft conclusions that would summarize the state of discussions on a given issue and, in some cases, set out intersessional work.On other issues, such as agriculture, and methodological issues under the Paris Agreement, parties provided their views on what those conclusions should be. Agriculture delegates continued working in the afternoon in “informal informal informal” meetings to try to bridge the gap between views on how to take forward the work of the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture.Looking further ahead, the 7th Action on Climate Empowerment (ACE) Dialogue delegates focused on how to enhance education, training, and public awareness and participation under the Paris Agreement. The participants rallied in breakout groups to discuss how past lessons and future priorities for policy, tools and support, non-party stakeholders, tracking progress and reporting, and international cooperation. Many left buoyed by the idea that, for people to act, they need to identify themselves in stories and to tell their stories.The Long-term Finance Workshop also thought in transformational terms, drawing connections between climate finance, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on financing for development. Grappling with the complex calculations of needs and costs of achieving sustainable development and limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C, many recognized that actions consistent with an energy transformation could either increase or reduce the costs of achieving the SDGs.In the multilateral assessment, Australia, Croatia and Malta, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, and Liechtenstein and Monaco presented information on their emissions, and national efforts.For more details on the day's events and to hear what delegates said in the corridors, see our daily Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2019, which is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Workshop on Long-Term Climate Finance Delegates gather for the in-session workshop on long-term climate finance. Martin Frick, Senior Director for Policy and Programme Coordination, UNFCCC Secretariat A slide showing people who have benefitted from climate finance around the world. Co-Facilitator Mattias Frumerie, Sweden Co-Facilitator Zaheer Fakir, South Africa Panel speakers during the session. Keywan Riahi, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Preety Malhotra Bhandari, Asian Development Bank Participants listen during the session. Delegates break out into four discussion groups focused on: provision of financial and technical support; mobilization, delivery of and access to finance; effectiveness of climate finance; and biennial submissions on strategies and approaches. Multilateral Assessment The first day of the multilateral assessment (MA) took place, part of the international assessment and review (IAR) for developed countries, where they are assessed on their progress in meeting their 2020 targets. Patrick Suckling, Australia Saviour Vassallo, Malta Donald Cooper, Director of Mitigation, Data and Analysis, UNFCCC Secretariat Anette Ejersted, Denmark Heike Summer, Liechtenstein Delegates from Monaco Jaivardhan Ramanlal Bhatt, India Carlos Fuller, Belize 7th Dialogue on Action for Climate Empowerment The room is filled to capacity as delegates attend the 7th dialogue on Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE). George Marshall, Climate Outreach Helmut Hojesk, Austria, and Alice Gaustad, Norway Ardina Purbo, Indonesia Kartikeya Sarabhai, Centre for Environment Education, India Gregg Walker, Oregon State University, and Silke Bölts, Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) Co-Facilitators Bob Natifu, Uganda, and Roberta Ianna, Italy Consultations throughout the Day SBI/SBSTA informal consultations on matters relating to the forum on the impact of the implementation of response measures serving the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. SBSTA contact group on methodological issues under the Paris Agreement. SBSTA informal consultations on matters relating to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. SBSTA informal consultations on research and systematic observation. SBSTA/SBI informal consultations on the Koronivia joint work on agriculture. Family photo of Poznan strategic programme on technology transfer delegates. Around the Venue Carlos Lopez, UNFCCC Secretariat Catherine Abreu, Climate Action Network (CAN) Canada Delegates from Saudi Arabia and South Africa Jacob Werksman, EU Chen Zhihua and Liu Yingzhi, China Cleo Verkuijl, Stockholm Environment Institute, and Eddy Pérez, CAN Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy Straws made from bamboo and take-away containers made from sugarcane bagasse are on display, part of an initiative by Greenway International to empower women in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and other African countries to engage in sustainable and environmentally-friendly enterprises.

Highlights for Saturday, 22 June 2019 Representatives from Youth NGOs (YOUNGOs) demonstrate in the hallway, calling for six fundamental building blocks of human rights to be considered in Article 6, without which they say it will not be able to establish a new market mechanism. The Bonn Climate Change Conference continued on Saturday, wrapping up its first week. As draft decisions, conclusions, and other texts started to trickle throughout the meeting rooms, areas of agreement and disagreement crystallized.On some highly-salient, and therefore sensitive, issues, agreement was elusive. Delegates could not agree to a procedural conclusions on common timeframes, (the length of time for countries’ nationally determined contributions (NDCs), or on conclusions related to research and systemic observation.The depth of disagreement was clear in confrontational discussions regarding the membership of the Adaptation Fund Board, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on 1.5°C of Global Warming. One delegate intimated that the “gentleperson’s agreement” on how to consider the IPCC report “was broken.”Parties consideration of the Lima Work Programme on Gender and the Nairobi Work Programme on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation concluded, marking some of the first finalized texts of the conference. With four negotiation days left, several delegates wondered about the extent of progress made thus far, and what they would be sending forward to the next meeting in Chile.For more details on the day's events and to hear what delegates said in the corridors, see our daily Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary and analysis report from the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2019, which is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Third Meeting of the Paris Committee on Capacity-Building Family photo of the Paris Committee on Capacity-building (PCCB). Jennifer Hanna, Dominican Republic Roberta Ianna, Italy Gregg Walker, Oregon State University, takes notes during the session. Consultations throughout the Day SBI informal consultations on matters relating to the Adaptation Fund: membership of the Adaptation Fund Board. SBSTA informal consultations on matters relating to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Delegates huddle during the SBI informal consultations on development and transfer of technologies: Poznan strategic programme on technology transfer. SBI informal consultations on arrangements for intergovernmental meetings. SBI/SBSTA informal consultations on matters relating to the forum on the impact of the implementation of response measures serving the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. SBSTA informal consultations on training programme for technical experts participating in the technical expert review. Delegates huddle during the SBI/SBSTA informal consultations on the terms of reference for the 2019 review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM). Delegates speak informally between sessions. Consultative Group of Experts Informal Forum Delegates gather for the pilot Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) informal forum to engage in an implementation-focused exchange to facilitate addressing the technical assistance needs of transitioning to the enhanced transparency framework. Co-Facilitators Mausami Desai, US, and Ziaul Haque, Bangladesh Joko Prihatno, Indonesia Justin Goodwin, Aether Daniel Benefor, Ghana Delegates ask the panelists questions. World REnew Day The first World REnew Day is held outside the venue, a live open air festival calling for a future with 100% renewable energy. A local artist shares her artwork that highlights the need for environmental protection. German artist Makeda performs at the concert. Artwork on display at the festival. Around the Venue Delegates from the EU discuss the negotiating text on screen. Trigg Talley, US Amjad Abdulla, Maldives Delegates from Oxfam International, ActionAid International, and CARE International meet informally. Article 6 Co-Facilitators Peer Stiansen, Norway, and Hugh Sealy, Barbados Gebru Jember Endalew, Ethiopia, speaks with Ian Fry, Tuvalu Delegates from Austria Funanani Muremi and Dinah Thalakgale, South Africa Delegates from Papua New Guinea Delegates enjoy a moment between sessions. Andrei Marcu, Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition, and Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Ismail El Gizouli, Sudan, speaks with Anna Schulz, Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) UN Security Deleagtes from Germany Materials around the venue.