Indigenous peoples

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Thursday, 15 December 2016: Genetically-Engineered (GE) Soy and Pesticides: A Serious Impact to Traditional Maize Crops in its Origin Center Assessing the Potential for Multiple Incentive Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Provision to Support Poor Farmer Livelihoods How Effective are National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) as a Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Implementation Tool? An Assessment of Post-2010 NBSAPs No to the Plunder of Our Territories! Yes to Indigenous peoples' and community conserved territories and areas (ICCAs) —Territories of Life! Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Voluntary Guidelines on Safeguards Ecosystem Approach in the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) Sea Area Stocktaking of Global Negotiations and Norms on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) and Intellectual Property (IP) IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage of selected side-events from the UN Biodiversity Conference. Photos by IISD/ENB | Diego Noguera For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Genetically-Engineered Soy and Pesticides: A Serious Impact to Traditional Maize Crops in Its Origin Center Presented by Greenpeace International and Greenpeace Mexico This side event, moderated by Sandra Laso, Greenpeace Mexico, provided a forum to discuss effects, responses and solutions in regards to transgenic soy plantations in the Yucatán Peninsula. Laso said agricultural landscapes and communities in Mexico are increasingly threatened by changing agricultural practices, particularly due to the use of transgenics. Leydi Pech Martín, Beekeeper, Campeche State, discussed socio-cultural impacts of transgenic soy in Yucatán Peninsula, reporting that several municipalities have already been negatively affected by contamination of honey by transgenic pollen and toxic pesticides. She noted that soy “was planted before we were consulted and therefore there was no free prior and informed consent (FPIC).” Rémy Vandame, The College of the Southern Border (ECOSUR), said the debate over transgenic crops is as old as the transgenic era, adding that biotechnology has failed to keep its promises of high yields. He reported evidence of transgenic pollen-contaminated honey in the Yucatán Peninsula, arguing that contrary to promises by promoters of transgenic soy, bees are indeed visiting transgenic plantations. Eduardo Batllori Sampedro, Minister of Urban Development and Environment, Yucatán Government, said the first evidence of transgene-contaminated honey in the Yucatán appeared in 2009, and pointed to existing evidence of chemical residues in water and the environment. In spite of this, he noted, data deficiency was a constraint to declaring Yucatán a transgene-free zone for soy and corn. He noted that the main justification used for the ban was the breach to the human rights to a healthy environment and culture. Fernando Funes, Estación Experimental “Indio Hatuey,” Cuba, said reverting to ecoagriculture after periods of industrial agriculture has enabled restoration of crop varieties, indigenous agricultural systems and on-farm biological diversity in Cuba. He said integrated farms are supporting livelihoods and cited benefits, such as sugarcane-based biofuels, farmer-to-farmer fairs and timber wood lots. María Colín, Greenpeace Mexico, outlined the struggle in Yucatán to have a transgenic-free territory, saying the lack of application of the precautionary approach presents a legal problem. She said the lawsuit, submitted by Yucatán apiculture farmers against transgenetic soy, cited: human and biodiversity health issues including the carcinogenous nature of glyphosate; risk of transgenic seed dispersion by hurricanes; and the lack of FPIC. She reported that even though the ruling was in favor of Yucatán, corruption and impunity have “marred progress.” (L-R): Sandra Laso, Greenpeace Mexico; María Colín, Greenpeace Mexico; Leydi Pech Martín, Beekeeper, Campeche State; Eduardo Batllori Sampedro, Minister of Urban Development and Environment, Yucatán Government; Fernando Funes, Estación Experimental “Indio Hatuey,” Cuba; and Rémy Vandame, ECOSUR Sandra Laso, Greenpeace Mexico, moderated the event. Leydi Pech Martín, Beekeeper, Campeche State, said companies promoting transgenics are breaching the rights of indigenous people. Eduardo Batllori Sampedro, Minister of Urban Development and Environment, Yucatán Government, said his government is promoting an ecological indigenous agriculture system known as “Milpa.” Fernando Funes, Estación Experimental “Indio Hatuey,” Cuba said there is no recipe for ecological agriculture and that each region needs to find what works best for them. Rémy Vandame, ECOSUR, said there is no possible co-existence between apiculture and transgenic soy plantations in Mexico.   Contact: Sandra Laso (Moderator) | slaso@greenpeace.org More Information: www.greenpeace.org www.greenpeace.mx Assessing the Potential for Multiple Incentive Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Provision to Support Poor Farmer Livelihoods Presented by Bioversity International, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) and the Government of Peru This event, moderated by Marleni Ramírez, Bioversity International, discussed the multiple incentives that can be used to support smallholder farmers for sustainable agricultural production, especially in the conservation of agrobiodiversity and in policy support to improve livelihoods. Irene Hoffmann, Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), FAO, emphasized that “farmers could do more to conserve agrobiodiversity” and described the ‘Incentives for Ecosystem Services in Agriculture (IES)’ initiative of the FAO in integrating diverse ecosystems and farming practices through different funding and incentive possibilities, ranging from public regulation to voluntary investments. Ramirez identified the need for an integrated agri-food systems approach that promotes diversity in farming systems by ensuring that farmers have access to diverse and high-quality seeds for low-input and resilient farming landscapes. She also stressed that agrobiodiversity conservation should involve both in situ and ex situ conservation. Sven Wunder, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), via video, presented on the extent to which it is feasible to “kill two birds with one stone” in addressing environmental sustainability and poverty alleviation through payments for ecosystem services (PES). For pro-poor PES, he noted that the poor occupy environmentally-sensitive lands and have low opportunity costs. On constraints for pro-poor PES, he identified the insecurity of land tenure and high transaction costs of providing payments to smallholders. He also stressed that “asset-generating” projects, such as environmentally-friendly agricultural techniques, would be more synergistic with poverty alleviation in the long-run than “activity restricting” PES. Adam Drucker, Bioversity International, discussed the ‘Payments/Rewards for Agrobiodiversity Conservation Services (PACS/RACS)’ initiative as a means to explore PES in the context of agrobiodiversity conservation. He described various projects that involve competitive tenders for farmers to reveal the opportunity costs of participation in PES. He said one outcome of the initiative would be to diversify farmer livelihoods from only agricultural production so “they can sell a conservation product for the good of the country and the world.” José Alvarez Alonso, Ministry of the Environment, Peru, identified opportunities for adding value to Peruvian crop varieties, including: favorable global markets for organic and native products; growing political will in the government; and an increasing valorization of Peruvian cuisine. He stressed that the conservation of agrobiodiversity by local communities must be recognized as an ecosystem service and that “we should issue mechanisms to pay for it,” including through a national legal framework. Rafael Obregón Viloria, CONABIO, spoke on the importance of establishing local and regional alliances with stakeholders to align public policies to the provision of multiple incentives for biodiversity conservation at the smallholder scale. He stressed that federal incentive programmes, such as PES, will not work if they are “blinded” by local relationships and territorial dynamics.” (L-R): Irene Hoffmann, FAO; Marleni Ramirez, Bioversity International; José Alvarez Alonso, Ministry of the Environment, Peru; Adam Drucker, Bioversity International; and Rafael Obregón Viloria, CONABIO Irene Hoffmann, FAO, said sustainable practices for conserving agrobiodiversity must be affordable and financially attractive. A slide from Irene Hoffmann’s presentation. Adam Drucker, Bioversity International, said training at the community level was provided on the use of competitive tenders for PES. A slide from Adam Drucker’s presentation Marleni Ramirez, Bioversity International, said twelve crops and five animal species provide 75% of the world’s food. Sven Wunder, CIFOR, presented, via video, on synergies and constraints of PES for poverty alleviation. Contact: Adam Drucker (Coordinator) | a.drucker@cgiar.org More Information: www.fao.org/nr/aboutnr/incentives-for-ecosystem-services/en How Effective Are National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) as a Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Implementation Tool? An Assessment of Post-2010 NBSAPs Presented by Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI) and UN Environment This event, moderated by Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, UN Environment, heard findings of an ongoing FNI assessment on second generation NBSAPs and country experiences of post-2010 NBSAP development. Christian Prip, FNI, presented on an assessment of second generation NBSAPs that is near completion. Among key conclusions, he noted: that the second generation of NBSAPs are much more targeted; have a stronger focus on mainstreaming; and address the need for legal reform to a larger extent than the first generation of NBSAPs. He noted, however, that the second generation of NBSAPs: have often been prepared in a less participatory way; have targets on mainstreaming that are often worded as broad aspirations with a lack of clarity on how mainstreaming is to be operationalized; and are often not specific about the legal changes needed to achieve them. Gaston Akouehou, Benin, highlighted the focus of his country’s updated 2011-2020 NBSAP on biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits. Among various “domains of actions,” he noted: the establishment of a mechanism for planning, management of knowledge and capacity building around biodiversity; and strengthening of the political, institutional, legislative, regulatory and financial frameworks for biodiversity management, climate change, sustainable land management and disaster risk reduction. Birthe Ivars, Norway, highlighted experiences with developing Norway’s most recent NBSAP, including: the need to ensure ownership and political commitment across ministries; a more ambitious NBSAP as a result of discussions in parliament; and difficulties in obtaining input from the private sector, but interest from the research community. Reem Al Mealla, Bahrain, highlighted experiences with updating Bahrain’s NBSAP. Among key outcomes, she emphasized: the establishment of the National Environment Trust Fund for the implementation of various NBSAP actions; Bahrain’s first national biodiversity database; and the establishment of the first CBD Clearing-House Mechanism among the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. During discussions, participants raised, inter alia: administrative challenges to national adoption of NBSAPs; whether certain countries are simply continuing to pursue existing policies as opposed to addressing all the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, “similar to what we see with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”; that NBSAPs are less ambitious than the global biodiversity targets, and that even these NBSAPs will likely lack the means of implementation necessary for implementation; and that the CBD has become “overambitious” by “linking biodiversity to everything,” and may need to shift its focus to low-hanging fruit for a more realistic workload. Participants also discussed: that many developed countries have a “loose relationship” with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, but should address them more seriously in their NBSAPs given their international commitments; that many developing country NBSAPs follow the CBD Secretariat’s guidance, but do not seem to have the “political buy-in” to achieve an ambitious agenda; the need to bring about “alternative livelihoods” to delink people’s means of survival from the resources they are trying to protect; benefits of using the NBSAP Forum; and UN Environment’s work on synergies between the SDGs and NBSAPs. Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, UN Environment, moderated the event. Christian Prip, FNI, stressed that biodiversity mainstreaming is about “transformative changes in values, decision making and practices,” requiring political buy-in from those involved and legal frameworks to hold them accountable. A slide from Reem Al Mealla’s presentation. Reem Al Mealla, Bahrain, highlighted the need: for an updated national database to “fill in the information gaps”; to increase human capital at Bahrain’s Supreme Council for the Environment; for more private-public and private-private partnerships; and to introduce biodiversity conservation in national education curricula.   Birthe Ivars, Norway, highlighted the value of adopting her country’s NBSAP in the form of a white paper, noting it demonstrated increased commitment and makes it more difficult for more “economic” sectors to reopen it. Gaston Akouehou, Benin, noted that Benin’s 2011-2020 NBSAP focuses on cross-cutting actions to ensure achievement of results.   Participants during the event Contact: Elizabeth Maruma Mrema (Moderator) | elizabeth.mrema@unep.org More Information: https://www.cbd.int/nbsap/ No to the Plunder of Our Territories! Yes to Indigenous peoples’ and community conserved territories and areas (ICCAs) —Territories of Life! This “flash event” was organized by the ICCA Consortium, and was immediately followed by a press conference with ICCA members. Taghi Farvar, Iran and President of the ICCA Consortium, opened the press conference and said that the flash event was a dramatization of the plunder of indigenous peoples (IPs) lands and territories. Paul Sein Twa, Myanmar, said that each day, rotational farming is criminalized in his country. He stressed that rotational agriculture is compatible with maintaining forests, and called on governments to promote rotational farming. Vincent Ziba, Zambia, said that ICCAs are part of life and need protection, highlighting the threats posed by mining effluent to IPs and their territories. Giovanni Reyes, the Philippines, stressed that land is life and not a commodity, saying that there is a correlation between IPs and high biodiversity. He underlined that IPs are striving to access and control resources in their territories, noting the threats posed by large-scale developments and extractive industries. Raúl Petsain, Ecuador, stressed that IPs are the guardians of biodiversity and should be part of decision-making processes related to their lands and territories. Ghanimat Azhdari, Iran, called for respect for IPs’ lands and territories and stressed that ICCAs need to be mapped by IPs. Saying “no to nationalization,” Farvar stressed that IPs have been working to conserve their lands and resources for centuries, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity. Juan Chávez, Peru, underscored his support for “no to monocultures in traditional territories,” noting that IPs are opposed to extractive resource practices, and that their fight for the forests is a fight for the life of humankind. Julián López, Mexico, stressed that IPs must be able to decide how to use their resources in their territories, and should be included in the negotiation processes that will have a direct effect on their livelihoods. Rosario Banadas, Bolivia, stressed her opposition to destructive, capitalistic development, and underlined the need to protect the rights of IPs who have been guardians of the land for centuries, maintaining clean air, water and healthy lives. Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy, Madagascar, noted her opposition to industrial fishing in traditional marine territories, and highlighted the need to empower communities to plant and restore mangroves, and put in place customary laws to be respected at the community level. Sutej Hugu, Taiwan, noted that nuclear waste dumps were relocated to his territory, lamenting that this caused the highest cancer rates in the area. Felipe Gómez, Mexico, stressed that all biodiversity is life, and underscored the need to link between life-giving biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable development. He stressed that it is urgent to include traditional knowledge in science, stressing that IPs do not only fight for themselves, but also for the land itself and the biodiversity it supports. Panelists then considered questions on, inter alia, the work of the ICCA consortium, how to involve IPs in the management of mangroves, and how to include the IP agenda in the agenda of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention of Biological Diversity. (L-R): Paul Sein Twa, Myanmar; Vincent Ziba, Zambia; Giovanni Reyes, The Philippines; Raúl Petsain, Ecuador; Ghanimat Azhdari, Iran; Taghi Farvar, Iran and President of the ICCA Consortium; Juan Chávez, Peru; Julián López, Mexico; Rosario Banadas, Bolivia; Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy, Madagascar; and Sutej Hugu, Taiwan Julian Lopez, Mexico Rosario Banadas, Bolivia Felipe Gómez, Mexico   Taghi Farvar, Iran and President of the ICCA Consortium   Juan Chávez, Peru Giovanni Reyes, the Philippines Participants ask questions to the panelists. A group photo at the end of the press conference Contact: Emma Courtine (Coordinator) | emma@iccaconsortium.org Albert Chan Dzul (Coordinator) | albert@iccaconsortium.org More Information: www.iccaconsortium.org Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Voluntary Guidelines on Safeguards Presented by the SwedBio/Stockholm Resilience Centre (SRC) This side event moderated by Maria Schultz, SwedBio/SRC, discussed the operationalization of the CBD voluntary guidelines on safeguards relevant for biodiversity resource mobilization and for including lessons learned from practice. Claudia Ituarte-Lima, SwedBio/SRC, reported that the CBD voluntary guidelines for safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms (BFMs) were adopted at the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD (COP 12). She highlighted elements of the four independent guidelines, including: the role of biodiversity and ecosystem functions for livelihoods and resilience; rights and responsibilities of actors for BFMs; that safeguards for BFMs should be grounded in local circumstances and be country-driven; and that appropriate and effective institutional frameworks are required for transparency and accountability. Harry Jonas, Natural Justice/IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), said the draft guidelines from the IUCN task force on other effective area-based conservation measures (OEABCMs) will be presented at the twenty-second meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA 22). He provided examples of OEABCMs, including: indigenous conserved areas; natural sacred sites; coastal marine protected areas (MPAs) for reasons other than conservation; and areas in production landscapes that are managed for conservation. Antoine Libert Amico, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), discussed how coffee leaf rust has, for five consecutive years, led to a loss of shade-dependent Arabica coffee plantations in Mexico. He reported that shifts to more resistant varieties, which require no tree shade, has led to deforestation and forest degradation and presented a BFM project considering, among other things, agricultural insurance of losses, aimed at protecting livelihoods, addressing nutritional deficiency and promoting agroforestry. Renaud Lapeyre, Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), France, discussed practical insights on safeguards from innovative biodiversity conservation projects in Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa and Sierra Leone. He highlighted innovative financial mechanisms with complex contractual arrangements that allow for conditionality, accountability and transparency, and assure result delivery. Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Executive Secretary, CBD, said with the rise in development funding for infrastructure, there is a need to ensure safeguards to include biodiversity sustainability and the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights. Maria Schultz, SwedBio/SRC, moderated the side event. Claudia Ituarte-Lima, SwedBio/SRC, said safeguards are important tools for mainstreaming biodiversity, protecting people and biodiversity, preventing conflicts and encouraging positive socioecological outcomes. Harry Jonas, Natural Justice/IUCN WCPA, said the July 2016 IUCN task force meeting on OEABCMs had agreed on a workplan towards the completion of guidance to parties on the meaning of OEABCMs.   Antoine Libert Amico, UAM, outlined safeguards used in a BFM project, which addresses coffee leaf rust elements of rights to access to resource and livelihoods through inter-disciplinary participative research action.   Renaud Lapeyre, IDDRI, said that an innovative governance system in the Gola Forest pilot project in Sierra Leone fostered benefit sharing of carbon credits with communities and respect for traditional rights. Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Executive Secretary, CBD, said there is little incentive for financial institutions to pay more attention to biodiversity and environmental issues. Participants during the discussion Contact: Maria Schultz | maria.schultz@su.se More Information: www.swed.bio Ecosystem Approach in the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) Sea Area Presented by ROPME, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and UN Environment This event, moderated by Takehiro Nakamura, UN Environment, discussed the ROPME Sea Area strategy for ecosystem-based management (EBM). Kanako Adachi, JICA, identified numerous threats to the marine biodiversity of the ROPME Sea Area and highlighted the 2014 ROPME/JICA Memorandum of Understanding to promote data collection surveys in member states, hold international seminars and regional workshops to promote ecosystem protection, and support bilateral technical cooperation. Nakamura described EBM as a strategy for integrated management of land, water and living resources to ensure sustainable delivery of ecosystem services in an equitable way, stressing that it involves multiple sectors in relation to the marine and coastal environment. He emphasized that the ROPME/EBM strategy involves: marine ecosystems assessments; the provision of technical advice and guidance on the strategy development process; and alignment with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. Fahad Al-Ajmi, Environment Public Authority (EPA), Kuwait, discussed challenges and practices for coral conservation in Kuwait, including overfishing, recreational diving and coral bleaching caused by climate change. He stressed that the JICA/ROPME partnership will promote the conservation of the marine environment by: designating organizations to manage the marine environment; suggesting amendments to related policies to protect fragile coastal habitats; and linking organizations at the national and regional seas level to implement the EBM strategy. Badar Al-Bulushi, Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Oman, noted efforts undertaken by his ministry in managing and restoring coral reefs and mangrove areas, including: cleaning campaigns; educating locals; establishing diving rules and regulations; establishing nurseries to rehabilitate mangroves; collaborating with schools; developing monitoring programmes; and building a mangrove information center. Noriaki Sakaguchi, JICA, highlighted the importance of the JICA collaboration with ROPME in collecting data to support the development of EBM strategies. He also shared experiences of coral restoration projects in Japan with the participation of government agencies, fishermen and farmers. Yoichi Harada, JICA, identified four common challenges in the ROPME region, which the EBM strategy aims to address: sharing of marine data; environmental awareness raising; development of sustainable aquaculture techniques; and the formation of a uniform environmental monitoring system. In discussion, participants raised, inter alia, the role of establishing ecologically or biologically significant marine areas for restoring coral reefs and mangroves in the ROPME Sea Area; mangrove restoration technologies; impacts of climate change on the marine environment; and methods to control the crown of thorn starfish. (L-R): Badar Al-Bulushi, Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Oman; Takehiro Nakamura, UN Environment; Fahad Al-Ajmi, EPA, Kuwait; Noriaki Sakaguchi, JICA; and Yoichi Harada, JICA A slide from Badar Al-Bulushi’s presentation Badar Al-Bulushi, Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Oman, noted that coastal development, wastewater discharge and grazing by domestic animals were among the threats to Oman’s mangroves.   Takehiro Nakamura, UN Environment, noted that mainstreaming biodiversity in the management of the ROPME Sea Area requires a set of ecosystem-based targets that link to global objectives and targets such as the SDGs. A slide from Takehiro Nakamura’s presentation Noriaki Sakaguchi, JICA, noted that coral reef restoration and management requires the participation of farmers, as sedimentation is a leading threat of reef degradation in Japan. Fahad Al-Ajmi, EPA, Kuwait, said there is no one solution to coral reef degradation, noting it depends on the key drivers affecting the reef.   Participants during the event Contact: Kanako Adachi (Coordinator) | Adachi.Kanako@jica.go.jp More Information: https://www.jica.go.jp/english/ Stocktaking of Global Negotiations and Norms on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) and Intellectual Property (IP) Presented by the South Centre This event took stock of various negotiations on genetic resources (GR), traditional knowledge (TK), ABS and IP in a number of international fora and processes. Viviana Muñoz Tellez, South Centre, noted a proposed amendment from 2011 to the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement for any patent application to disclose the country of origin and source of GR and/or associated TK, and evidence of the prior informed consent procedure and mutually agreed terms, on which negotiations are ongoing. She also noted ongoing processes: under the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on IP and GR, on protection of TK, and on protection of traditional cultural expressions; and in a UN Human Rights Council working group on a declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas. Dan Leskien, Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), noted the Commission’s long history on ABS. He highlighted, inter alia: that the organization is working on a report entitled ‘The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture’; and the 2016 Elements to Facilitate Domestic Implementation of ABS for Different Subsectors of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ABS Elements), which aim to assist governments to take into account the importance of GR for food and agriculture. Álvaro Toledo, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), presented ongoing work to enhance the functioning of the ITPGRFA Multilateral System (MLS), including by increasing user-based payments and contributions to the Benefit Sharing Fund in a sustainable, predictable and long-term manner. Among challenges, he noted: whether access mechanisms should be a single access or under subscription mechanism; legal certainty and legal enforcement; and a mechanism for launching the enhanced MLS. François Meienberg, Public Eye, presented on work that suggests that the instruments and activities of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants hinder the application of farmers’ rights as contained in the ITPGRFA. He noted that the new Voluntary Guidance for National Seed Policy Formulation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN could provide a good way forward. Edward Hammond, Third World Network (TWN), presented on the World Health Organization’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, which brings together different stakeholders to take a global approach to pandemic influenza preparedness. He noted ongoing discussions on the topic at the second meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties (COP-MOP 2) to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. (L-R): Álvaro Toledo, ITPGRFA; François Meienberg, Public Eye; Dan Leskien, CGRFA; Edward Hammond, TWN; and Viviana Muñoz Tellez, South Centre   François Meienberg, Public Eye, highlighted his organization’s work opposing patents that are “based on misappropriation.” A slide from François Meienberg’s presentation Edward Hammond, TWN, said that despite fears to the contrary, the Nagoya Protocol offers an opportunity to create much legal certainty with regard to work on influenza preparedness and response. Álvaro Toledo, ITPGRFA, noted that the goal of the MLS is to facilitate access to plant GR for food and agriculture and to share the benefits arising from their use in a fair and equitable way. A participant asks the panel a question.   Viviana Muñoz Tellez, South Centre, moderated the event.   Contact: Viviana Muñoz Tellez (Moderator) | munoz@southcentre.int More Information: www.southcentre.int

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Tuesday, 8 November 2016: NAMAs as Building Blocks to Drive NDCs Implementation Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds) The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris Agreement Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change Adaptation Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris Regime IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as building blocks to drive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ImplementationPresented by the New Nordic Climate Solutions, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate; Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica (MINAE); and Colombian Strategy for Low-Carbon Development This event was moderated by Ash Sharma, Danida, who presented experiences from the NAMA Facility. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, acknowledged that international attention has moved from NAMAs to NDCs, and proposed that NAMAs contribute to transforming NDCs into concrete implementable and financeable programmes and projects. He explained that climate change donors from his country support creating enabling environments, mainstreaming climate change in policies and regulations, capacity building and institutional strengthening, and mobilizing private finance. Iván Darío Valencia, Colombia’s Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, introduced projects on Transport Oriented Development (TOD) and on promoting domestic HFC-free refrigerators as well as their corresponding NAMA financial structure. He discussed four TOD NAMA city projects and a project to introduce 4.7 million HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia. Andrea Meza Murillo, Costa Rica’s Ministry of Environment and Energy, presented on a low-carbon coffee project in Costa Rica. She noted that the private sector sees this low-emission coffee project as an opportunity of increasing productivity by reducing inefficiencies in mitigation and adaptation. Highlighting the impact that the recent Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer would have on the air conditioning sector, Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, presented on a €14.7 million project for the sector-wide transition to using climate-friendly energy efficient cooling technologies. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed the importance of, inter alia: NAMAs post-Paris; NAMA support for the private sector to adopt new technologies; and barriers and success criteria in NAMA implementation. Andrea Meza Murillo, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica, noted that the coffee sector accounts for nearly a quarter of Costa Rica’s agricultural and livestock sector emissions and national areas under agriculture production. Iván Darío Valencia, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Colombia, presented on projects on Transport Oriented Development and on the domestic refrigeration sector to promote HFC-free refrigerators in Colombia, along with their corresponding NAMA financial structure. Ash Sharma, Danida, moderated the event on NAMAs as building blocks to drive NDCs Implementation. Caspar Olausson, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, explained that NAMA complements bilateral collaboration. Natthanich Asvapoositkul, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, drew attention to the fact that the energy sector represents 73% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Thailand. Contacts: Ash Sharma | ash.sharma@NAMA-facility.org More Information: www.NAMA-facility.org Opportunities for Africa in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)Presented by the University of Texas at Austin, the Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA) and the European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO2 (CO2GeoNet) This side event, moderated by Tim Dixon, International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme (IEAGHG), considered progress towards CCS deployment in Africa and global CCS onshore and offshore developments relevant for Africa. Dixon provided an overview of CCS development under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), highlighting the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana, noted that the continent is rich in energy resources but poor in energy supply. He stressed that Africa has hardly benefitted from the carbon market under the Kyoto Protocol, highlighting opportunities for carbon trade under new carbon market mechanisms, as well as for knowledge and technology transfers. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, provided an overview of CCS development in South Africa. Noting the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels, he described CCS as a transition technology and a part of the national long-term mitigation scenarios. He presented on the South African CCS Road Map, highlighting the legal and regulatory frameworks as well as the inclusion of stakeholder engagement. Discussing the Boundary Dam CCS project in Saskatchewan, Canada, the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project at a coal-fired generating station, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, underscored the Centre’s mandate and mission to advance the understanding and use of CCS as a means of managing GHG emissions, and to accelerate deployment of CCS worldwide. Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, provided an overview of CCS pilot projects in Europe, focusing on opportunities for collaboration. He described the K12-B pilot, located offshore of the Netherlands in the North Sea and stressed the role for forerunner countries to help build capacity in other regions. Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, addressed specific actions to get countries on the path of CCS. Noting that offshore CO2 storage potential is “huge” and stressing available technical assistance on climate technologies for developing countries, she highlighted the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and the Gulf Coast Carbon Center (GCCC). Felicia Chinwe Mogo, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), highlighted, via a video message, the Nigerian pathway towards CCS, noting the potential financial gains and employment opportunities that can be generated through the sustainable utilization of resources in the marine environment. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: the potential for offshore CCS; potential negative implications due to leakages; comparisons between CCS and biological carbon reduction methods;the transferability of technology and associated high costs; the use of organic versus non-organic fertilizers in agriculture; and funding challenges related to CCS technologies deployment. From L-R: Joseph Essandoh-Yeddu, Energy Commission, Ghana; Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute; Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre; Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet; and Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin Katherine Duncker Romanak, the University of Texas at Austin, stressed that opportunities are available at all levels for getting on the path of CCS. Tony Surridge, South African National Energy Development Institute, said that CCS is included in the country’s national development plan 2030. Discussing CCS, Tim Dixon, IEAGHG, noted that actions need to be pursued by stakeholders in all sectors to achieve an optimal transition strategy. Drawing attention to the world’s first commercial scale, post-combustion CCS project, Michael Monea, International CCS Knowledge Centre, stressed that “we now know that the technology works.” Ton Wildenborg, CO2GeoNet, underscored the organization’s long track record regarding collaboration activities at laboratory and pilot scale levels. Contacts: Tim Dixon | Tim.Dixon@ieaghg.org More Information: www.co2geonet.com www.utexas.edu www.ccsassociation.org Indigenous Peoples and the Green Climate Fund: Challenges and prospects (including direct access to the funds)Presented by the Tebtebba Foundation This side event, moderated by Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, addressed the challenges and prospects of indigenous peoples having direct access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). Balawag provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ engagement with other global processes and funding mechanisms, underscoring the necessity of their full and effective engagement in these processes. She said that, in some instances, advisory groups have been established to meet this need. She urged that the GCF effectively engage with indigenous peoples to: develop relevant policies and frameworks; establish safeguards and grievance mechanisms; provide guidelines for engagement; and create a dedicated grant for Indigenous Peoples. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, Indigenous Livelihoods Enhancement Partners (ILEPA), Kenya, lamented the GCF’s indirect recognition of indigenous peoples, saying that this is because the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) Environmental and Social Performance Standards have been adopted as interim safeguards. Kimaren Riamit said that development of an appropriate policy for the GCF would allow for free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for approved projects. Joan Carling, Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), said that some of the approved GCF projects pose serious threats to indigenous peoples, citing a dam project in Nepal. She said that while the GCF has adopted the IFC standards as interim safeguards, these were not considered in the Nepalese dam project. She stressed that there is a need to recognize indigenous peoples' rights and obtain their consent to the use of their land and resources, properly compensate them for such usage and include them in a benefit-sharing arrangement, should consent be provided. Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, Centre for Indigenous Cultures in Peru (CHIRAPAQ), provided an overview of indigenous peoples’ experiences in Peru, underscoring that their knowledge systems contribute to food production and climate resilience through using indigenous knowledge to select appropriate crops and technology. She said that an alliance has been formed between two local communities to share knowledge and culture for enhanced food production. During discussions, participants addressed: the appropriateness of indigenous peoples having direct access to the GCF; Indigenous peoples’ accessing GCF funding through country-driven processes; the use of philanthropic organizations as a funding and advocacy pathway; and IFC standards as a minimum standard for the GCF. From L-R: Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, Peru; Grace Balawag, Tebtebba; Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya; and Joan Carling, AIPP Joan Carling, AIPP, said that if the Paris Agreement is to be effectively implemented, “we must go beyond business as usual and recognize indigenous peoples’ rights to ensure that their knowledge, culture and well-being continue.” Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ, said that awareness of indigenous peoples’ knowledge is not lacking, but rather that their knowledge is undervalued. Grace Balawag, Tebtebba Foundation, said that full and effective participation of indigenous peoples leads to a common understanding of indigenous peoples and their needs. Stanley Kimaren Riamit, Executive Director, ILEPA, Kenya said that indigenous peoples’ inclusion in the GCF interim safeguards is not a “contemplated” inclusion, and thus the GCF is “Indigenous Peoples-light.” Room view during the event Contacts: Raymond de Chavez, Tebtebba Foundation (Coordinator) | raymond@tebtebba.org Tarcila Rivera Zea, Executive Director, CHIRAPAQ | warmi@chirapaq.org.pe More Information: www.tebtebba.org/index.php/content/385-indigenous-peoples-and-the-gcf-side-event/ The role of non-state actors in enhancing near-term ambition and promoting the implementation of the Paris AgreementPresented by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Avina and Climate Action Network (CAN) Moderator Wael Hmaidan, Director, CAN, presented several questions to the panelists, including on the role of non-state actors in global climate action, and how to raise ambition. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called for innovative financial mechanisms, improved transparency and accountability. He suggested that parties report at the global level and to their citizens in order to engage them in climate action. Asking how to develop stronger partnerships between state and non-state actors, Hakima El Haité, High-level Climate Champion, Morocco, suggested integrating non-state climate actions within Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Calling cities “climate leaders,” Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, called for measuring and reporting cities’ emissions to share what cities have done and to learn from each other.  Stating that “the Global Climate Action Agenda has provided the courage for companies to act,” Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH, noted that over 200 million equities were divested from coal-based business models. Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project, highlighted that almost 200 companies have committed to science-based targets, with many having committed to 100% renewable energy targets. Calling for moving from commitment to implementation, Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina, encouraged a more prominent role for civil society to reinforce the Global Climate Action Agenda. Laurence Tubiana, High-Level Climate Champion, France, called for governments and civil society actors to come together in Marrakech to produce a plan of action before 2018. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: how to connect climate actions to the World Economic Forum; how energy taxes can support a transition to renewables; and the need to show the value of both state and non-state climate actions. From L-R: Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader; Ramiro Fernández, Director of Climate Change, Avina; Katarina Luhr, Vice Mayor of Environment of Stockholm, Sweden; Frances Way, Carbon Disclosure Project; and Verena Treber, Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH Katarina Luhr, Stockholm Vice Mayor of Environment, Sweden, explained that cities are competing to be the strongest on climate action, calling this competition useful for building ambition and for learning. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, WWF Global Climate and Energy Practice Leader, called the Global Climate Action Agenda a “collective, collaborative and integrative effort.” Hakima El Haité, High-Level Climate Champion, Morocco, underscored the importance of non-state actors in implementing climate actions, stating that these actions should “fit together” to close the pre-2020 emissions gap. Contacts: Gillian Nelson (coordinator) | gnelson@climatenetwork.org Mandy Woods (coordinator) | mwoods@wwf.org.za More Information: wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/climate_carbon_energy/ www.climatenetwork.org/ www.avina.net/avina/ seors.unfccc.int Traditional Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge as a Viable Way for Climate Change AdaptationPresented by Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Tanzania Indigenous Peoples Taskforce on Climate Change (TIPTCC), Pastoralists Indigenous Non-Governmental Organizations Forum (PINGOs Forum), Congrès Mondial Amazigh (CMA), Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) and Mainyoito Pastoralists Integrated Development Organisation (MPIDO) This side event, moderated by Kathrin Wessendorf, IWGIA, aimed to promote solutions to maximize adaptation efforts and interventions through integration of indigenous peoples’ knowledge. Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, provided an overview of traditional practices and knowledge of the Amazighen people (Berbers) relevant to climate change, an ethnic group indigenous to many countries of North Africa. Proposing to create a database of traditional knowledge open to all humankind, she focused on their calendar divisions linked with agricultural practices, cultivations’ rotation and spiritual connection with nature. Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, focused on the holistic land use and livelihoods system of indigenous peoples as a means to adapt to climate change. Using a case study from the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, he addressed, among others: categories of land types and land use; rice cultivation practices; and mixed farming. He concluded that the way the community uses resources reflects their intricate knowledge of the different ecosystems within their territory. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that addressing climate change in East Africa is a matter of state policies with little regard for indigenous knowledge and existing livelihoods. Pointing to the negative perceptions of pastoralism, he underscored that indigenous peoples’ knowledge needs to be integrated into policy making and implementation of climate change actions. Stressing that climate change is mainly felt at the household level thus making women critical agents, Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya, said that Western influence has “undermined and crushed” the traditional knowledge of many indigenous peoples. Underscoring the need for a link among the broad principles of the Paris Agreement and the realities of people on the ground, he urged bringing traditional knowledge and women to the center of the discussion. Noting that indigenous knowledge is key to combatting climate change and underscoring the need to protect indigenous peoples’ rights, Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN, said that the production and reproduction of social, cultural, political and environmental values of indigenous peoples are embedded in their local environment and nature. During discussions, participants addressed, inter alia: the ratification process of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP); the relationship between scientific research and traditional knowledge; and ways to further recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights. From L-R: Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania; Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP; Tunga Bhadra Rai, NEFIN; Joseph Ole Simel, MPIDO, Kenya; and Kamira Nait Sid, CMA Discussing the Huay Hin Lad Nai community in Thailand, Kittisak Rattanakrajansgsri, AIPP, underscored the complex system of land use, which must be approached holistically. Edward Porokwa, PINGOs Forum, Tanzania, noted that modern conservation ideas often involve “conservation without people.” Kamira Nait Sid, CMA, underscored that traditional knowledge must be analyzed, supported and integrated into scientific research. Contacts: Kathrin Wessendorf | kw@iwgia.org More Information: www.aippnet.org www.iwgia.org www.pingosforum.or.tz www.congres-mondial-amazigh.org www.nefin.org.np www.mpido.org Equity, Differentiation and Ambition in the Post-Paris RegimePresented by Climate Action Network Canada (CAN-Rac) Alison Doig, Christian Aid, moderated the event, asking why equity is still an issue within the climate change negotiations. Reflecting on the history of the climate change negotiations, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, recalled that, in climate change discussions, fairness and equity are “unspoken topics.” She suggested that those involved in the process of formulating Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) share their perspectives with other interested stakeholders giving sufficient time for comment. Stating that the global climate response needs to be fair in order to be effective, Sivan Kartha, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), explained that a country is more likely to be successful in addressing climate change if other countries perceive they are doing their fair share and all other countries are also doing their part. Acknowledging that a focus on the 1.5°C target may detract from the necessary focus on equity, Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, said that equity must continue to be a key focus and should be considered together with finances in order to support action. Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project, outlined elements which should be included within the global stocktake, including: differentiation; disaggregation; explicit attention to equity; and a role for civil society. Stating that climate funding for developing countries should not be redirected from other concerns, Timmons Roberts, Brown University, called for adequate, predicable and “just” finance, cautioning that current pledges are unclear and inadequate, including their allocation and delivery. The ensuing discussion considered, inter alia: how to address equity across the entire UN system; secured finance for adaptation; a civil society review; clear understanding of a baseline; and historical emissions. From L-R: Christian Holz, Climate Equity Reference Project; Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy; Sivan Kartha, SEI; Alison Doig, Christian Aid; Timmons Roberts, Brown University; and Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development Referring to the climate change negotiation process, Anju Sharma, Oxford Climate Policy, called moral and ethical considerations “inherently relational.” Calling for a focus on equity, Sivan Kartha, SEI, said that a fair agreement is more likely to work. Lidy Nacpil, Asian Peoples Movement on Debt and Development, reiterated that equity is not just a principle of justice but also a practical necessity. Contacts: Christian Holz (coordinator) | cholz@climateequityreference.org More Information: www.civilsocietyreview.org/ About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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On Sunday, participants attended the Forum for the third day, engaging with a variety of conservation issues, including an update on the IUCN’s Red List, managing ecosystems to reduce risks to disasters, managing conflicts between business and civil society over the use of natural resources, discovering the ways in which indigenous values and health indicators are helping management of invasive species, and finding nature-based solutions for sustainable development. In the afternoon, during a high-level event on actions required for a sustainable ocean, two panels discussed potential ways to address management of oceans, such as legislation, research and monitoring, and combatting pollution and illegal fishing. Other afternoon events included a launch of guidelines on climate change best practices, the place of the law in the future of conservation, how to manage transboundary ecosystems through experiences in “hydro-diplomacy” and governance of shared waters, and ways of transforming Africa’s development through Chinese investments. In the evening participants attended events on gender-responsive financing for the global environment and the IUCN Green List that aims to raise the standard for new generation of protected and conserved areas. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has produced daily reports, daily web coverage, summary videos from the Forum and the Members Assembly, as well as a summary report from the IUCN Congress 2016, which is available in HTML and PDF format. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth and Diego Noguera For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Nature Protects Us: Managing Ecosystems for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Participants during the session Fabiola Monty, IUCN Camille Buyck, IUCN Glenn Dolcemascolo, US Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Shalini Dhyani, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) Ahmed Senhoury, IUCN Naoya Furuta, IUCN Simone Sandholz, UN University Wolfram Lange, IUCN Udo Nehren, University of Applied Science Cologne Karen Sudmeier-Rieux, IUCN Managing Conflicts Between Businesses and Civil Society Over the Use of Natural Resources Participants during the session Giulia Carbone, IUCN Jennifer Clare Mohamed-Katerere, IUCN CEESP Steering Committee Myrna Semaan, Friends of Nature Kem Lowry, University of Hawai'i Nigel Crawhall, IUCN Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Development Panel speakers for the session Braulio Dias, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Executive Secretary Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Stewart Maginnis, Global Director, Nature-based Solutions Group, IUCN Andrew Steer, President, the World Resources Institute (WRI) Jesca Osuna Eriyo, Deputy Secretary General, East African Community (EAC) Paul Mafabi, Ministry of Water and Environment, Uganda Panel speakers during the session Julia Bucknall, Director for Environment and Natural Resources, the World Bank Emad Adly, the Arab Office for Youth and Environment Paul Trianosky, Chief Conservation Officer, Sustainable Forestry Initiative Lynda Mansson, Director General, the MAVA Foundation Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives Group Indigenous peoples’ Cultural Connections to Forests: How Indigenous Values and Health Indicators are Helping Manage Invasive Species Participants during the session Judy Fisher, IUCN Lori Buchanan, Molokai/Maui Invasive Species Committee, US Danielle Flakelar, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Australia Desmond Purcell, Gidarjil Development Corporation, Australia Participants engage in an interactive session Launch: Climate Change Best Practice Guidelines The Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners Adapting to Climate Change was launched during the event Leigh Welling, World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) Kathleen MacKinnon IUCN/WCPA Jonathan Jarvis, Director, National Park Service Actions for a Sustainable Ocean Inger Andersen, Director General, IUCN, welcomes panelists to the session Aulani Wilhelm, Founder, Island Water Kamana‘opono Crabbe, CEO, Office of Hawaiian Affairs Sylvia Earle, Founder, Mission Blue, and Oceanographer Kathryn Sullivan, Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Catherine Novelli, Under Secretary of State, Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, US Sandra Bessudo, Founder, Fundación Malpelo Braulio Dias, CBD Executive Secretary Anote Tong, Former President of the Republic of Kiribati Humberto Delgado Rosa, European Commission Nainoa Thompson, President, Polynesian Voyaging Society Africa Transforming Panel speakers of the event Matt Jones, UN Environment Pogramme (UNEP)-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Lori Anna Conzo, International Finance Corporation (IFC) Helga Rainer, Arcus Foundation Daudi Sumba, African Wildlife Foundation Participants asking questions during the event How Will Chinese Investments Transform Africa’s Development? Panel speakers of the event Nan Li, WWF China Yan Zhang, IUCN China Jeff Sawyer, Cairns University Leonard Usongo, IUCN Leave No One Behind: Conservation, Rights and Sustainable Development L-R: Sanjay Kabir Bavikatte, The Christensen Fund; Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Inupiaq people of Alaska, US; Martha Rojas-Urrego, Secretary-General, Ramsar Convention; John Knox, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment; Ashok Khosla, Chairman, Development Alternatives Group; Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; and Marco Lambertini, CEO, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) International John Knox, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Marco Lambertini, CEO, WWF International Martha Rojas-Urrego, Secretary-General, Ramsar Convention Sanjay Kabir Bavikatte, The Christensen Fund Rosemary Ahtuangaruak, Inupiaq people of Alaska, US Forests: Today and Tomorrow US Forest Service employees take part in a chat show style session (L-R): US Forest Service employees John Crockett; Flint Hughes; Jeanne Wade-Evans; Fabian Garcia; Nadia Tase; and Heather McMillen Jeanne Wade-Evans, US Forest Service John Crockett, US Forest Service Gender-Responsive Financing for the Global Environment Panel speakers during the event Lorena Aguilar, IUCN Herbert Acquay, the World Bank Anne Kuriakose, Climate Investment Fund Amy Fraenkel, CBD Yoko Watanabe, the GEF Press Conference: Red List Update Panel speakers during the session (L-R): Matthew Kier, Laukahi, the Hawaiian Plant Conservation Network; Carlo Rondinini, Sapienza University of Rome; Jane Smart, Global Director, IUCN Biodiversity Conservation Group and Director, IUCN's Global Species Programme; and Simon Stuart, Chair, IUCN Species Survival Commission The IUCN Green List - Raising the Standard for New Generation of Protected and Conserved Areas Masahito Yoshida, IUCN-WCPA Zhiyun Ouyang, Chinese Academy of Science Tamar Kvantaliani, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Georgia Trevor Sandwith, Director, Global Programme on Protected Areas, IUCN Panelists and Green List protected areas managers Around the Venue Kéita Aïda Mbo, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development, Mali, and Nesto Bassierie, Minister of Environment, Green Economy and Climate Change, Burkina Faso, during an interview Interviews conducted around the venue Participants meet informally throughout the day Participants around the venue Pins showing forests around the world