Organization Economic Cooperation and Development

The following events were covered by IISD Reporting Services on Friday, 10 November 2017: Transformative Local Actions Towards Climate Resilient and Sustainable Cities in East Asia Energy Policy Tradeoffs within the Broader Sustainable Development Challenge Sharing the Climate Action Platform: Equipping Non-State Actors to Participate in the Energy Transition Water for Urban Resilience Climate Action for Food Security: Harvesting Adaptation and Mitigation Benefits in the Land Sector IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) Meeting Coverage, will provide daily web coverage from selected side events at the UN Climate Change Conference - November 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Ángeles Estrada and Herman Njoroge Chege For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Transformative Local Actions Toward Climate Resilient and Sustainable Cities in East Asia Presented by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability Japan (ICLEI-JO), ICLEI East Asia (ICLEI-EAS), ICLEI Kaohsiung Capacity Center (ICLEI-KCC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) This session, moderated by Tsu-Jui Cheng, Director, ICLEI-KCC, focused on East Asian urban initiatives and local actions to tackle climate change, city-to-city cooperation and the perspective of the private sector. The session included introductory remarks followed by two panels. Cheng underscored the urgency of developing solutions and synergies between Asian cities to tackle climate change. In introductory remarks, Gino Van Begin, Secretary General, ICLEI, highlighted that 73% of energy is consumed in cities worldwide, many of which are in East Asia. He stressed the significant role for cities to play in helping nations implement the Paris Agreement.  Xuedu Lu, ADB, emphasized the importance of sharing knowledge between East Asian cities to build resilient pathways and support low-carbon urban development.  The first panel was moderated by Shu Zhu, Regional Director, ICLEI-EAS. Chen Ke Zheng, Guangzhou, China, gave an overview of low-carbon activities in the city, including on transport, green finance mechanisms and solid waste treatment, highlighting recycling and non-hazardous waste treatment initiatives.  Jing Yu, Shenzhen, China, explained that policies and guidelines released by the local government have increased the use of new energy vehicles in the city; for example, 100% of the buses in Shenzhen are now electric.  Battulga Erkhembayar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, emphasized that Ulaanbaatar is contributing to Mongolia’s overall climate goals and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by focusing on sectors that can be managed at the local level, such as forest resources, urban planning and energy. He outlined 18 mitigation and adaption projects.  Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama, Japan, explained the city’s objective of becoming a “compact city,” with centralized areas focusing on good public transport, among other things. He explained Toyama’s development of micro-hydro plants and highlighted technology transfer to Indonesia.  Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan, described initiatives that aim to achieve low-carbon and sustainable development in such a large city. She highlighted that in 2016 they had reduced urban emissions back to 2008 levels.   Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation, noted that Delta has become a global leader in switching power supplies. She said in the last seven years, Delta customers saved over 20.8 billion kWh of electricity by continuously improving energy efficiency. She highlighted that since 2006, Delta has established 25 green buildings across its global offices, some reaching net-zero energy consumption, which saved 15.2 million kWh of electricity in 2016. On transport, she described Delta’s efforts on LED streetlights and electric vehicle charging systems. Guo gave the example of their Shanghai operating center, which acquired US LEED Green Building Platinum Certification and reduced its energy consumption by 60%, combining a number of green technologies. On social participation, she accentuated Delta Foundation collaboration with a research team to establish a ‘Building Carbon Footprint Evaluation System,’ which helps cities examine their building improvements with a life-cycle perspective. She gave the example of New Taipei City, where the library has reduced its carbon emissions by 35% with this system. She also described the Delta Green Building exhibition, first opened at COP 21, whose interactive game to show different choices in energy sources attracted 65,000 visitors in 2017 during the EcoMobility World Festival in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Lu noted the active involvement of the private sector in the development of urban sustainable development; gave an overview of the ADB’s priorities pertaining to green urban development, including sustainable infrastructure, energy and transportation; and stressed the importance of environmental and economic progress in the projects. He asked the panel to discuss opportunities for the private sector to invest in sustainable projects that are profitable. Guo noted that Delta is committed to spending 7% of its revenue on research and development so it can bring the most energy efficient products to its customers, saving energy and providing them with an economic incentive.  During the second panel, moderated by Takashi Otsuka, ICLEI-JO participants heard contributions focusing on resilient and smart cities from: Pu Xinda, Jiaxing, China; Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan, who noted the city’s aim of having zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the latter half of the 21st century; Chia-An Wu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, who noted a 14.7% emissions reduction below 2005 levels through their emissions reduction strategy; and Kenshi Baba, Tokyo City University, who gave a brief history of climate change strategies in Japanese local governments and the uptake of adaptation strategies.   Tsu-Jui Cheng, Director, ICLEI-KCC said that East Asia has been moving towards urban transformation in an unprecedented way. Gino Van Begin, Secretary General, ICLEI World Secretariat, noted the importance of implementing resilience plans at the local level.   Chen Ke Zheng, Guanghzou, China, expressed the desire to build a world-class city and contribute to global climate action. Jing Yu, Shenzhen, announced that 100% of all buses in his city are electric and 100% of taxis will be by 2020. Battulga Erkhembayar, Director, Environmental Department, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, noted the city’s target of reducing transport emissions by 10% by 2020. Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama, Japan, explained his city’s strategy of becoming a resilient, compact city. Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation, talked about how the private sector can contribute to sustainable development. Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan, noted her city’s responsibility for low-carbon development as the largest in the country. Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan, discussed the ‘Kyoto+20’ conference set to take place at the end of the year on the global environment, which will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. Xuede Lu, ADB, said that for low-carbon urban designs, cities need to consider top-down as well as bottom-up approaches. L-R: Shan-Shan Guo, Executive Director, Delta Electronics Foundation; Toshiyuki Yamazoe, Toyama City, Japan; Mei-Wen Wang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and Battulga Erkhembayar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia L-R: Kenshi Baba, Tokyo City University; Chia-An Wu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ; Yoko Kawai, Kyoto, Japan; and Pu Xinda, Jiaxing, China Contact: Yalin Tsai (Delta Electronics) | yalin.tsai@deltaww.com More Information: www.iclei.org/activities/events.html Energy Policy Trade-offs within the Broader Sustainable Development Challenge Presented by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) This session, moderated by Eduardo Zepeda, OPTIMUS Community, discussed capacity development for energy policies and sustainable development alternatives, focusing on integrated analysis system models. Mark Howells, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, spoke on the development of quantitative tools enabling the identification of interlinkages between climate, water and energy more effectively. He gave the example of India, explaining that irrigation systems must be evaluated in an integrative manner to save both water and energy. He concluded by noting how climate change will produce shortages of resources, which could trigger conflict and called for technology development that is aligned with carbon reduction goals. Tobias Fuchs, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DW), spoke on the Global Framework for Climate Services, a UN initiative that supports climate adaptation. He said energy and meteorology go hand-in-hand, through, for example: solar energy disruption in cloudy conditions; precipitation patterns impacting hydropower energy; and wind speed affecting wind energy.  Simon Langan, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), discussed integrated solutions for water, energy and land. He highlighted five key messages that will enhance capacity and partnerships, including to: deepen the evidence base to support policy and practice towards solutions; move away from silos to integrated systems; think through a transdisciplinary lens; consider multiple and nested scales to develop changes in knowledge, attitude and skills; and communicate effectively and disseminate information.  María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Director General, National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), Mexico, spoke on emerging methods to better integrate the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). She gave the example of hydrological basins contained in selected urban areas, and described training experiences in her country focusing on the example of the “CLESS Modeling Tools for Sustainable Development.” She stressed the importance of training to improve the use of the modeling tools and data management.  In the ensuing discussion, participants discussed, inter alia: modeling methods; climate change services; river basins’ use of climate modeling; education on sustainable energy; the importance of improved communication on the use of climate models; and capacity building at the sub-national level. Tobias Fuchs, DW, called for a mix of energy sources to ensure security in the energy supply. Mark Howells, KTH, defended the importance of ‘communities of practice’ to improve science and decision-making. Eduardo Zepeda, OPTIMUS Community, highlighted institutional challenges to effective decision-making. View of the dais during the event Tobias Fuchs, DW, called for a mix of energy sources to ensure security in energy supply. María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Director General, INECC, said “the first challenge is to decide what we need to know” to illustrate how qualitative analysis is essential for coherent decision making. Mark Howells, KTH, defended the importance of communities of practice to improve science and decision making. Eduardo Zepeda, OpTIMUS Community, highlighted institutional challenges to effective decision making. Simon Langan, IIASA, highlighted the need to deepen partnerships to enhance capacity building in developing countries. Contact: David Earl Shropshire (IAEA) | d.shropshire@iaea.org More Information: www.iaea.org Sharing the Climate Action Platform: Equipping Non-State Actors to Participate in the Energy TransitionPresented by WWF In this side event, experts debated the role of non-state actors in the transition to 100% renewable energy, with a particular focus on their opportunities and challenges and misconceptions about the sector. Tabaré Arroyo Currás, WWF Latin America and Caribbean, introduced the session and Rana Adib, Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), moderated the event.  Adib spoke of the positive outcomes in the renewable energy sector, including job creation, explaining that it employed 9.8 million people in 2016, a 1.1% increase from 2015. She underscored that 2016 was a great year for renewable energy, particularly as 176 countries had renewable energy targets, but called for faster action as the increase in fossil fuel-based energy had not been met by the increase in renewable energy. Kanika Chawla, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), explained that in her country of India, one in four people do not have access to electricity. She mentioned a “food chain” among state actors due to the credibility associated with larger institutions and a lack of coordination among non-state actors in the renewable energy sector. She suggested including renewables as an election issue to force elected officials to take action. On information dissemination, she said that “in an attempt to be accurate, we have lost the audience,” calling for simplified education material. Hugo Lucas, Factor, underscored that misconceptions about the benefits of migrating to renewable energy represent a challenge in reaching the 100% target and cautioned against exclusively addressing individuals already engaged in the energy sector. Noting that most material on renewable energy is dense and unclear for laypeople, he referenced John Cook’s literature on climate change communication, and called for using words such as “free” rather than “cost-saving.” Gloria Hsu, National Taiwan University, relayed the renewable energy situation in her country, explaining that, due to pressure from civil society, by 2025 nuclear power will be phased out and 20% of electricity will be from renewables. She continued that her government is the main barrier to increasing wind energy in her country, as it is not transparent. She added that the most important strategy to empower civil society is to provide them with information, and that initially they worked with opposition parties to gain traction.  Lydia Mogano, South African Faith Communities’ Environment Institute (SAFCEI), called for increased transparency at the government level, explaining that it is unclear where money will come from to finance the energy transition in her country. She asked how people will make sense of what has been discussed at the COP back at home, noting that there is no common understanding of what renewable energy is.  Eduardo Noboa, Institute of Sustainability Governance, Leuphana University Lüneburg, urged panelists to explain how their organizations were enabling renewable energy expansion in their countries. During the ensuing discussion, participants: called for building coalitions of non-state actors; asked how municipalities can assist in creating local renewable energy systems; urged using cyber politics intelligently; and discussed religion in renewable energy. The panel discussed how to equip non-state actors to participate in the energy transition. An audience member engaged in dialogue with the panel. Hugo Lucas, Factor, said that environmental education has already won the war in Europe. Lydia Mogano, SAFCEI, stated “we have a long way to go to educate people on renewables.”   Kanika Chawla, CEEW, said that although her country does not have any climate deniers, “we also don’t have any climate champions.” Rana Adib, REN21, said that “we have cultural Erasmus in Europe,” and asked, “should we have a climate Erasmus?” Contact: Rafael Señga (WWF) | rseñga@wwf.org.ph More Information: www.wwf.org Water for Urban ResiliencePresented by Global Climate Action (GCA) In this side event, a breakout session from Water Action Day, panelists explored new ways to mobilize urban and coastal communities, government officials and the private sector around building resilient, climate and water smart cities. Aziza Akhmouch, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), moderated the panel.  Katarina Luhr, City of Stockholm, Sweden, underlined the need for cities to discuss solutions and share best practices. She outlined nature-based solutions, including biochar and permeable soil and emphasized the importance of involving citizens in decision-making.  Cathy Oke, City of Melbourne, Australia, said an integrated water management approach to climate adaptation and resilience has been critical for her city. She emphasized the need to foster local partnerships, and work closely with key stakeholders to co-design and implement nature-based solutions. Jean-Didier Berthault, Megacities Alliance for Water and Climate, spoke about his organization’s work, including providing concrete examples on urban floods, sea level rise and water scarcity. He outlined projects and programmes taking place, including in Mexico City and Manila, emphasizing the importance of sharing best practices and innovative solutions for adaptation. David Stevens, UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), noted links between the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015-2030 and climate change, saying that DRR is an essential element of sustainable development. He highlighted the “golden opportunity” to ensure a holistic approach to disaster risk management.  Willi Kamm, City of Tuttlingen, Germany, outlined local experiences with water management and the Danube River.  Bertrand Camus, Director General, SUEZ Water France, underscored the need for circular economy approaches to water management. He said both traditional and nature-based solutions will play a role, while digital technology can bridge the two.  Mark Fletcher, Arup, emphasized the need for frameworks of understanding at a basin scale, clear lines of responsibility in governance processes and sharing knowledge. He said it is important to remember the unique cultural contexts of cities when establishing new adaptation policies. Franz Marré, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Germany, highlighted that cities are both producers of emissions and victims of climate impacts, saying we need to focus on integrated resource management. Recalling the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), he emphasized the need to empower cities and recognize them as key actors, not only as beneficiaries or target groups. Kobie Brand, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), outlined the work of her organization in Africa, describing water as a “common thread,” which impacts everyone’s lives on a daily basis. She emphasized the need for innovative nature-based solutions and cooperation amongst municipalities.  Stefan Reuter, Executive Director, Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA), said that solutions exist but implementing them remains the key challenge. He emphasized that fast-track learning and phased approaches will be essential.  Fatimetou Abdel Malick, City of Tevragh-Zeina, Mauritania, said “water is life” and an important cross-cutting issue. She emphasized that increasing resilience is the work of local governments, as they can mobilize citizens, increase awareness and motivate behavior change.  Franck Klipsch, Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), reflected on the importance of collaboration among local governments. He explained his organization’s strategy with elements, including: pre-disaster mitigation; increasing resilience capacity; restoring ecological infrastructure; multi-state disaster vulnerability assessments; and increasing disaster response.  Cees van de Guchte, Deltares, called for connecting urban water policy to the climate negotiations, suggesting that the SDGs provided an appropriate entry point. Paulo Sérgio Bretas de Almeida Salles, President, Agência Reguladora de Águas, Energia e Saneamento Básico do Distrito Federal (ADASA), Brazil, noted challenges due to lack of investment in water infrastructure and an ongoing drought, and highlighted the importance of improving legal and institutional frameworks. Cate Lamb, CDP, noted the critical role of the private sector in providing funding for a water secure world, saying that they are waking up to the importance of water security for their own business models and that the policy community can leverage that interest. Katarina Luhr, City of Stockholm, declared “water has no boundaries,” highlighting the importance of collaboration, nationally, regionally and globally. Cathy Oke, City of Melbourne, outlined her city’s goal to double tree canopy cover by 2040. Jean-Didier Berthault, Megacities Alliance for Water and Climate, said there are currently 31 megacities and there will be 10 more by 2030. David Stevens, UNISDR, said the Sendai Framework highlights the need for good governance at local, national, regional and global levels. L-R: Kobie Brand, ICLEI; Mark Fletcher, ARUP; Stefan Reuter, Executive Director, BORDA; Bertrand Camus, Director General, SUEZ Water France; Willi Kamm, City of Tuttlingen, with his interpreter; and Franz Marré, BMZ Aziza Akhmouch, OECD, said that “you cannot manage water only by following administrative boundaries.” Franz Marré, BMZ, urged looking beyond the climate perspective to consider broader issues.  Mark Fletcher, Arup, said “our future cities will be bluer and they will be greener – they will be great places to live.” Kobie Brand, ICLEI, said that African mayors are “at the forefront of this agenda” and are ready to take action. L-R: Franck Klipsch, MRCTI; Cate Lamb, CDP; Fatimetou Abdel Malick, Tevragh-Zeina; Paulo Sérgio Bretas de Almeida Salles, President, ADASA, Brazil; and Cees van de Guchte, Deltare Cate Lamb, CDP, said that US$93 trillion needs to be raised in the next 12 years to fund needed water infrastructure. Franck Klipsch, MRCTI, outlined the Mississippi River Infrastructure Plan. Contact: Barbara Black (GCA) | globalclimateaction@unfccc.int More Information: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/10490.php Climate Action for Food Security: Harvesting Adaptation and Mitigation Benefits in the Land SectorPresented by the UN The UN hosted this side event on climate action for food security, which focused on technology, women, indigenous peoples, finance, youth and climate. Martin Frick, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, moderated the session, explaining that, although farmers, especially poor ones, are the most vulnerable to climate change, they also have the potential to address food security and reduce GHGs.  Tania Osejo, World Food Programme (WFP), introduced the session, speaking of the social ramifications of agriculture. She underscored that, after steadily declining for over a decade, global hunger is on the rise. She noted that climate justice, gender, equality and human rights are key in adapting to and mitigating climate change.  Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji, noted the stagnation of agriculture in his country following Cyclone Winston in 2016. He called for: the restoration of lands degraded by erosion, monocropping and intense agriculture use; capacity building for farmers and service providers for adaptation; and reducing food waste to address hunger.  Divine Ntiokam, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN), explained that, in order to ensure a sustainable future, young farmers need capacity building at all levels, an enabling environment and a space to share. He called for the translation of UN documents into local languages and for the use of climate-smart agriculture.  Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, Association for Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad (AFPAT), Chad, said that indigenous livelihoods are linked to land. She called for not only food security, but food sovereignty for indigenous peoples, pointing to the right to land as key to achieving this. She urged the UN to come together to give a voice to indigenous peoples in addressing climate change.  Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute, cited an International Labour Organization study stating that agriculture is the most important source of employment for women in lower and middle-income countries. She highlighted that the central use of land is often inadequately considered when addressing mitigation and adaptation. She concluded that, with secure land rights, women farmers are more likely to increase crop yields, plant trees, conserve soil and use mitigation measures.  Juan Chang, Green Climate Fund (GCF), said his organization is already funding mitigation and adaptation initiatives, including significant resources already allocated to the land use sector. He added that the land use sector has always been fragmented, and called for stakeholders to consider how environmental and social benefits can be achieved through investment.  Saiful Islam, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, explained how crop modeling and remote sensing can address climate change, highlighting that they can show precipitation changes and predict yield. He provided an example of modeling from his country, which showed that drought would increase in the future, noting that CO2 impacts crop growth. He added that technological assistance to farmers is critical for adaptation.  During the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among other things: women’s empowerment, particularly through family planning; providing youth with the means to access funding; how to encourage women to stay in the agriculture sector; the role of cities in addressing food security; using market-driven models to empower climate-smart farmers; addressing cultural differences that are obstacles to women; and reducing fragmentation amongst communities. Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute, said that rural girls and women are sustained by natural resources. L-R: Divine Ntiokam, CSAYN, and Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji L-R: Katia Araujo, Landesa Rural Development Institute; Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, AFPAT, Chad; Tania Osejo, WFP; Juan Chang, GCF; Divine Ntiokam, CSAYN; and Tekini Nakidakida, Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji An audience member urged the panel to address women’s empowerment through family planning.  Contact: Julia Wolf (FAO) | julia.wolf@fao.org  More Information: www.un.org/en/

The Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) Secretariat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) organized a technical workshop on Tax Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), on the final day of a five-day series of meetings at UN Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Howard Mann, IGF Secretariat, introduced the topic, noting that IGF members have identified this issue as one of their main concerns. With Dan Devlin, OECD, he outlined a joint IGF-OECD programme that aims to assist governments and build country capacity on the issue. Elfrieda Tamba, Commissioner General, Liberia Revenue Authority, gave the keynote address, recounting her country’s experience of increasing tax revenue by 500% through addressing revenue losses in the mining sector. She highlighted measures that have improved tax compliance in Liberia, including education and stakeholder engagement, and the training of government officials, which, she said, has improved inspection capacity. The workshop addressed a range of issues related to BEPS, including: how to detect instances of transfer mispricing; combating mispricing by strengthening mineral testing facilities in countries; and tax incentives that can help minimize profit shifting. Participants learned about the practice of debt financing that results in tax base erosion via interest deductions, and also discussed investment treaties and stabilization clauses. Participants raised questions about conceptual and practical difficulties related to addressing BEPS, considering the differences between illegal tax evasion practices and tax avoidance practices that remain within the bounds of legality. They discussed ways to address various technical and capacity challenges for governments, including through sharing of information to promote market and price transparency, and joint regional laboratory facilities for minerals testing. At the close of the workshop, Alexandra Readhead, BEPS Project Technical Advisor, IGF, encouraged countries to continue sharing their expertise and concerns, and Devlin highlighted the importance of conveying these messages to ministers and policy makers in order to bring about good financial governance in the mining sector. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary report from AGM 2017. The summary report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB+ | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Opening Session (L-R) Howard Mann, IGF Secretariat; Dan Devlin, OECD; Alexandra Readhead, IGF; and Elfrieda Tamba, Liberia Revenue Authority Elfrieda Tamba, Liberia Revenue Authority Janvier Nkurunziza, UNCTAD Transfer Mispricing in Mining Alexandra Readhead, IGF Thulani Shongwe, African Tax Administration Forum Debt Financing in Mining – Protecting the Mining Tax Base Against Excessive Interest Deductions Dan Devlin, OECD Mineral Valuation – Combating Mispricing by Strengthening Mineral Testing Facilities (L-R) Alexandra Readhead, IGF; Sahr Wonday, Director General, National Minerals Agency, Sierra Leone; Matthieu Delorme, Executive Vice President - Commodities, Cotecna Inspection SA; Alhousseine Kaba, General Inspector, Guinea; Mohamed Lamine Nabe, Guinea Matthieu Delorme, Executive Vice President - Commodities, Cotecna Inspection SA Alhousseine Kaba, General Inspector, Guinea Tax Incentives for Mining Investment – Minimizing Profit Shifting as a Result of Incentives (L-R) Howard Mann, IGF Secretariat; Iain Steel, Budget Strengthening Initiative, Liberia; Dan Devlin, OECD; Alexandra Readhead, IGF Iain Steel, Budget Strengthening Initiative, Liberia Investment Treaties and Stabilization Clauses Howard Mann, IGF Secretariat Around the Venue IISD RS team (L-R): Nancy Williams, Logistic Coordinator; Jessica Wang, Writer; Sean Wu, Digital Editor; Kelly Sharp, Writer; Suzi Malan, Writer; and Delia Paul, Team Leader

The Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) continued discussions at the third and final day of its AGM on Thursday at UN Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The IGF General Council met in a closed meeting in the morning. Sessions convened on local content policies, women and artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), good governance for biodiversity in mining, and financial benefit optimization. Participants discussed the value of financial modeling and the use of various tools and strategies, including the Local Procurement Reporting Mechanism presented by Engineers Without Borders Canada, and the Global Inventory of Biodiversity Offset Policies presented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Sheila Logan, Minamata Convention Secretariat, briefed participants on the provisions of the Convention with regard to managing mercury use in ASGM. On women in ASM, speakers noted the disparity between the extent of women’s involvement and their low representation among mining license holders. They emphasized the need to improve women miners’ access to finance, geological data, lapidary training, and technology. At lunchtime, the Minerals and Energy for Development Alliance and IGF co-organized a side event on ‘Financing Women in Mining’, and the African Development Bank, with the data publisher Open Oil, launched a report, ‘Running the Numbers: How African Governments Model Extractive Projects.’ The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) led the final session, highlighting their research on assessing commodity-dependence, and the positive and negative interactions between extractive industries and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yanchun Zhang, Chief, Commodity Policy Implementation and Outreach Section, Special Unit on Commodities, UNCTAD, commended the role of IGF in addressing ASM, noting that small-scale miners are often ignored and marginalized. Greg Radford, Director, IGF Secretariat, expressed appreciation for delegates’ engagement in peer learning during the week, and thanked all delegates for their participation, noting that the intergovernmental workshop on Monday had been the largest gathering of IGF member countries to date. Medina gaveled the meeting to a close at 6.16 pm. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, has provided daily web coverage, daily reports, and a summary report from AGM 2017. The summary report is now available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB+ | Sean Wu For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Session 14: Local Content Policies in the Mining Sector: Lessons, Challenges and New Tools (L-R) Aaron Cosbey, IISD; Isabelle Ramdoo, African Minerals Development Centre/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA); Richard Morgan, Head of Government Relations, Anglo American; Jane Korinek, Economist and Trade Policy Analyst, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Somine Dolo, Kanaga Consulting; and Jeff Geipel, Venture Leader for Mining Shared Value, Engineers Without Borders Canada Isabelle Ramdoo, African Minerals Development Centre/UNECA Aaron Cosbey, IISD IISD/RS team taking notes Richard Morgan, Head of Government Relations, Anglo American Jane Korinek, OECD Somine Dolo, Kanaga Consulting Jeff Geipel, Venture Leader for Mining Shared Value, Engineers Without Borders Canada Session 15: Women and ASM Amina Tahiru, Zenon Group, Ghana Fitsum Weldegiorgis, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) (L-R) Gabriela Flores, IIED; Fitsum Weldegiorgis, IIED; Caroline Ngonze, UN Development Programme; Amina Tahiru, Zenon Group, Ghana; Shamsa Diwani, Executive Director, Gemstyles Company Limited; Harivao Fenosoa Razanakolona Rajaonarisoa, Madagascar Session 16: Achieving Good Governance for Biodiversity in the Mining Sector (L-R) Stephen Edwards, IUCN; Eugenie Regan, The Biodiversity Consultancy; Annelisa Grigg, UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre; and Alec Crawford, IGF Secretariat Session 17: ASGM Kirsten Dales, Canadian International Resources and Development Institute (CIRDI) Sheila Logan, Minamata Convention Secretariat (L-R) Alec Crawford, IGF Secretariat; Kirsten Dales, CIRDI; Roger Gunson, Mineral Resources Authority, Papua New Guinea; Euliene Watson, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guyana; Gregory Kituku, Ministry of Mining, Kenya; and Sheila Logan, Minamata Convention Secretariat Session 18: Financial Benefit Optimization (L-R) Matthew Bliss, IGF Secretariat; Pietro Toigo, African Development Bank; Rokhaya Samba, Ministry of Industry and Mines, Senegal; Ousmane Cisse, Ministry of Industry and Mines, Senegal; and Anton Mélard de Feuardent, Fair Links Pietro Toigo, Chief Macroeconomist, African Development Bank; and Rokhaya Samba, Ministry of Industry and Mines, Senegal Ousmane Cisse, Ministry of Industry and Mines, Senegal Session 19: Closing Plenary (L-R) Taro Boel, UNCTAD; Orlands Kofi Tetteh, Minerals Commission, Ghana; Yanchun Zhang, UNCTAD; Romain Perez, UNCTAD; Alexandra Laurent, UNCTAD; and Glenn Gemerts, Ministry of Natural Resources, Suriname Alexandra Laurent, UNCTAD Romain Perez, UNCTAD Closing Remarks Yanchun Zhang, UNCTAD At the close of the meeting, panelists watch video footage captured during the AGM. Side Event: Minerals and Energy for Development Alliance (MEfDA) and IGF: Financing Women in Mining Side Event: AfDB and Open Oil Report Launch: Running the Numbers: How African Governments Model Extractive Projects Around the Venue

The 21st meeting of the Climate & Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) Working Group opened on 25 September 2017 in Paris, France. Following an opening session, participants heard a presentation by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on its work to assist countries in developing their climate plans. They then engaged in a session on the Global Pathway Approach, which is based on the recognition that the path that the world choses to take to reach its ambitious long-term climate target is as important as the target itself and that early mitigation of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) helps to meet the sustainable development goals, within the goal of climate action. The session provided an update on the discussions of the Pathway Task Team and on the work of the Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) on related issues. The session featured keynote presentations and discussions on country perspectives on testing the Pathway Approach and next steps. Representatives from Chile and Norway presented on the application of the Pathway Approach in their countries. Participants then spilt into six breakout groups, namely four for country Partners, one for intergovernmental organizations and one for NGOs. The breakout groups discussed how the objectives of a Global Pathway Approach could be demonstrated to catalyze global action, and how the Coalition and other fora can support them. In the afternoon, participants focused on voluntary actions in the 2017 High Level Assembly “Bonn Communiqué,” with presentations and discussions on agriculture and municipal solid waste. These discussions aimed to clarify background details and strengthen the case for the voluntary actions in these fields. The day ended with five break out groups on building support for the actions and Communiqué: one in Spanish, one in French and three in English. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB+ Meeting Coverage, provided daily web coverage from the 21st meeting of the CCAC Working Group. In addition IISD Reporting Services, will produce a summary report of the meeting which will be available on Friday, 29 September 2017. Photos by IISD/ENB | Leila Mead For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Simon Buckle, OECD Dany Drouin, CCAC Working Group Co-Chair, Canada Nathan Borgford-Parnell, CCAC Secretariat Dan Shindell, Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) Helena Molin Valdés, Head, CCAC Secretariat, and James Morris, CCAC Secretariat Janine van Aalst, the Netherlands Solrun Skjellum, Norway, presenting on the Pathway Approach Vigdis Vestreng, Norway Carmen Gloria Contreras Fierro, Chile Birama Diarra, Mali, and María Amparo Martínez Arroyo, Mexico Martin Pépin Aina, Benin (right) A screenshot of the Pathway Approach presentation Norbert Bärlocher, Switzerland Bernard Koffi Yao, Economic Community of West African States Miruza Mohamed, Maldives Stela Drucioc, Moldova (center) Breakout Groups on Country Perspectives on the Pathway Approach and Next Steps Countries discuss the Pathway Approach in breakout groups Albert Alterejos Magalang, Philippines, facilitating one of the country breakout groups Country breakout group discussing the Pathway Approach Drew Nelson, Environmental Defense Fund, during the NGO breakout group Countries during the breakout group sessions Intergovernmental organizations discussing the Pathway Approach Voluntary Actions in the 2017 HLA Bonn Communiqué Harry Clark, SAP member Bala Abubakar Bappa, Nigeria, and Nina Rør, Norway Pam Pearson, International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI) (second from left), presents on the agriculture voluntary actions Steven Turnbull, Australia Anja Schwetje, Germany, presents voluntary actions on the waste initiative Breakout Groups on Building Support for the Voluntary Actions and the Communiqué Breakout groups discuss voluntary actions and the Communiqué Albert Altarejos Magalang, Philippines, and Julie Cerqueira, US Ahmad Noubani, Jordan (left) Participants in the Spanish breakout group Eric Zusman, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Participants during the French breakout group Participants in the Spanish breakout group

On Friday, the 2017 meeting of the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) started with a session on leveraging interlinkages for effective implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the afternoon, a session on science-policy interface and emerging issues was followed by a wrap-up of the week’s events by the President of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the Under-Secretary-General (USG) of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). IISD Reporting Services, through its Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) Meeting Coverage, provided daily web coverage, daily reports from HLPF 2017 and also produced a summary and analysis report, which is available in HTML and PDF. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page. Session 15 - Leveraging interlinkages for effective implementation of SDGs View of the dais during the session Debapriya Bhattacharya, Chair, Southern Voices, and Distinguished Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)  Michel Sidibé, Executive Director, the Joint UN Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) Marie Chatardová, Vice President, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Charles Arden-Clarke, Head of Secretariat, 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (10YFP) Minh-Thu Pham, Executive Director for Global Policy, UN Foundation Michael Gerber, Special Envoy for Global Sustainable Development, Switzerland Irene Khan, Director General, International Development Law Organization (IDLO) Roberto Olinto, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Judith Randel, Co-Founder and Executive Director, Development Initiatives (DI) Anil Arora, Chief Statistician, Statistics Canada Jean Christian Razafiarison, Madagascar Sergey Egorenko, Russian Federation Mohammad Ali Zarie Zare, Iran Coulibaly Maïmouna Dramé, Mali Teodor Dulceaţă, Romania Marcos Bonturi, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anna Ballance, EU Youth delegate Herlinde Baeyens, Belgium Maximilian Mueller, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Session 16 - Science-policy interface and emerging issues Lead discussants speak from the podium during the session Endah Murniningtyas, National Development Planning Agency, Indonesia Peter Messerli, University of Bern, Switzerland Wang Ruijun, Ministry of Science and Technology, China, and Chair, UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) Cristián Barros Melet, Vice President of ECOSOC Moderator William Colglazier, American Academy for the Advancement of Science Stuart Taberner, Director, International and Interdisciplinary Research, Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK)  Tolu Oni, University of Cape Town, South Africa Tom Okurut, Uganda Tateo Arimoto, Japan Pam Rajput, Women's Major Group Lucilla Spini, Scientific and Technological Community Taikan Oki, UN University Wrap up session View of the dais during the session Wu Hongbo, UN Under-Secretary-General, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Frederick Musiiwa Makamure Shava, Permanent Representative of Zimbabwe to the UN, and President of ECOSOC Around the Venue Members of the Women's Major Group Delegates between sessions Elizabeth Mrema, UN Environment Delegates speak informally A delegate visits the International Institute for Sustainable Development's (IISD) SDG Knowledge Hub, an online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 SDGs (sdg.iisd.org/) Around the UN Headquarters