Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
Concerns the Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer could be at risk from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other anthropogenic substances first arose in the early 1970s. By 1985, scientific understanding of ozone depletion and its impacts on human health and the environment had advanced. In response, governments adopted the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer—a framework convention that lays out agreed principles to combat this ozone depletion. It does not, however, require countries to take control actions to protect the ozone layer.
In September 1987, efforts to negotiate binding obligations to reduce use of ozone depleting substances led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Montreal Protocol phases out both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The Protocol has been adjusted or amended six times since its creation, most recently by the Kigali Amendment in 2016.
Events
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Montreal Protocol MOP 16
MOP-16 adopted decisions on the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, as well as issues related to ratification, data reporting, compliance and international and illegal trade, and financial and administrative matters. However, in spite of lengthy discussions both in the formal plenary meetings and in contact groups and informal gatherings, work on methyl bromide exemptions for 2006 was not completed.
1st Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP-1)
Compromise was reached by adopting a double-cap concept distinguishing between use and production for critical-use exemptions, and by establishing an ad hoc working group to review the working procedures and terms of reference of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee.
Vienna Convention COP 6 and Montreal Protocol MOP 14
MOP-14/COP-6 adopted 46 decisions, a larger number than ever before, covering: the Multilateral Fund replenishment and its fixed-exchange-rate mechanism (FERM); compliance issues; illegal trade; transition from chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) for metered-dose inhalers (MDIs); the relationship with the climate change regime; and interaction with the World Trade Organization (WTO).
22nd Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
OEWG-22 proved to be a routine technical meeting. Despite initially thinking it would be necessary to hold an evening session, the OEWG actually managed to complete its relatively light agenda on the second day of the three-day meeting with the efficiency now considered characteristic of the ozone regime. However, there were indications that MOP-14 may not provide such a smooth ride.
Montreal Protocol MOP 12
MOP-12 was a low key and quiet meeting. The agenda was light and the debates good humored, reflecting the relaxed atmosphere of Burkina Faso. The decisions taken were mostly on procedural and "housekeeping" matters, and delegates were able to complete their work quickly and smoothly
20th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
Delegates to OEWG-20 were briefed on and discussed the reports of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) and Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP). They also considered various topics in preparation for the 12th Meeting of the Parties (MOP-12).