European Union

On Friday, 11 November, the UN Climate Change Conference continued in Marrakech, Morocco. Throughout the day, negotiations took place in contact groups and informal consultations under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA). Informal consultations under the APA addressed: modalities and procedures for the effective operation of the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance; global stocktake; modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support; further matters related to implementation of the Paris Agreement; further guidance in relation to the mitigation section of Decision 1/CP.21; and further guidance in relation to the adaptation communication, including, inter alia, as a component of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In the afternoon, the APA convened in a contact group to discuss all of its substantive agenda items, with reports back from informal consultations. The facilitative dialogue on enhancing ambition and support took place under the Conference of the Parties (COP) in the afternoon. The COP Presidency also held informal consultations on the first session of the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1). IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, has providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. The summary and analysis is now available in HTML and PDF format. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Informal Consultations throughout the Day Informal consultations on Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) agenda item 7 on modalities and procedures for the effective operation of the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance View of the dais during the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) informal consultations on modalities and procedures for the operation and use of a public registry referred to in Article 4.12 View of the dais during the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) informal consultations on issues relating to agriculture SBSTA informal consultations on research and systematic observation SBI informal consultations on terms of reference for the review of the functions of the Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) SBSTA informal consultations on technology framework under Paris Agreement Article 10.4 Contact Groups throughout the Day SBSTA contact group on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public interventions SBI contact group on budget performance for the biennium 2016-2017 Briefing with the UNFCCC Executive Secretary The UNFCCC Secretariat briefs observer organizations Daniele Violetti, Chief of Staff, UNFCCC UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa Facilitative Dialogue on Enhancing Ambition and Support View of the dais during the session Joydeep Gupta, Moderator Christo Artusio, US Asad Rehman, Friends of the Earth England, Wales and Northern Ireland Dina Spörri, Switzerland Aziz Mekouar, COP 22/CMP 12 Presidency Claudia Salerno, Venezuela Ash Sharma, Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Facility Kushla Munro, Australia Gabriela Fischerova, EU Charles Mutai, Kenya SBI Closing Plenary View of the dais during the SBI closing plenary SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland Abdullah K. Tawlah, Saudi Arabia Oleg Shamanov, Russian Federation Civil Society Demonstrations Members of civil society conduct a tree planting ceremony to emphasize the importance of protecting forest resources Youth delegates advocate for governments to reduce the emissions gap and increase ambition to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement Youth activitists and Captain Planet highlight the importance of having 100% renewable energy to protect the future Around the Venue Delegates from Nigeria UNFCCC Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa speaks with Maxx Dilley, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Delegates from Morocco Delegates from Venezuela Delegates between sessions Captain Planet and Leonardo DiCaprio Bicycles at the venue School children visit the Green Zone exhibition area Members of civil society call for the rights of indigenous peoples to be protected A model display of a new university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that features alternative energy, recycling and water harvesting, designed by Terre d'école Artwork on display around the Green Zone

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Friday, 11 November 2016: Reshaping Development Pathways Towards Climate Resilience The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Update – 2016 Progress in Supporting Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Pathways Mapping and Understanding Mountains to Achieve the 2030 Agenda Enhancing Transparency of Mitigation and Finance: Lessons from Experience Climate Change and Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Region: Opportunities Through Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Cooperation Improving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Ecovillage Development, Energy Access and Zero-Carbon Societies in Africa, Asia and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Reshaping Development Pathways Towards Climate ResiliencePresented by the UN Secretary General’s Climate Resilience Initiative: Anticipate, Absorb, Reshape (A2R), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) Moderating the session, Maarten van Aalst, A2R, introduced the Initiative, noting that it came out of the commitment to involve a wider range of stakeholders in resilience to climate change. He drew attention to aspects of resilience embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as in the humanitarian sector, and recognized the importance of anticipating the effects of climate change and acting on them in a timely manner. Observing that the Gulf region is already experiencing ecological challenges due to climate changes as well as socio-economic challenges due to dependence on fossil fuels, Khalid Abuleif, Chief Negotiator, Saudi Arabia, welcomed the Paris Agreement as a means to reshape the future of the region. He said that the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) in the region focus on climate resilience, and highlighted efforts to increase resilience in water management in Saudi Arabia. Mulugeta Mengist Ayalew, Director, Climate Change Affairs, Ethiopia, outlined national efforts to increase resilience, saying that they recognize the need to invest in: rural and urban social schemes; agricultural resilience; transport; and resilient energy mixes. Jay Koh, Global Adaptation and Resilience Investment Working Group, said that the private sector has the expertise, capability and finance to engage in resilience and climate adaptation issues, but requires: standards and data using harmonized approaches; coordinated activity to draw private sector finance; and increased blended finance. Highlighting the growing global population and the need to increase food production, John Roome, World Bank, stressed the fundamental need to rethink agriculture, infrastructure and resilient social protection. He also spoke about the need for resilient cities, which he said will only be achieved through systemic changes in design decisions made now. Lisa Dale, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, described the Center’s partnership with the A2R Initiative, noting the gaps in climate resilience data and spoke of the challenges in reshaping development pathways. She highlighted the difficulties in understanding national resilience budgeting, as resilience is integrated into planning processes, stressing that the most important adaptation work occurs at the sub-national and local levels. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: Saudi Arabia’s support for vulnerable countries, including Small Island Developing States (SIDS) through South-South cooperation; the importance of ramping up resilience at the same speed as mitigation; Ethiopia’s efforts in integrating early warning systems into resilience measures; and the need to integrate evidence from the ground into policies to create incremental change. From L-R: Jay Koh, Global Adaptation and Resilience Investment Working Group; Mulugeta Mengist Ayalew, Director, Climate Change Affairs, Ethiopia; and Khalid Abuleif, Chief Negotiator, Saudi Arabia Maarten van Aalst, A2R, described A2R as a facilitative platform on resilience. Khalid Abuleif, Chief Negotiator, Saudi Arabia, noted that, in order to strengthen resilience, any new sector will be subject to heavy regulations and evaluated on parameters such as energy intensity, use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, use of natural gas and increasing the standards of flaring. Lisa Dale, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, noted that for most countries the challenge of reshaping development pathways is usually a capacity challenge. To increase resilience in Ethiopia, Mulugeta Mengist Ayalew, Director, Climate Change Affairs, Ethiopia, said a significant amount of resources are required, and that while they are trying to primarily rely on domestic resources, international support will be needed. Jay Koh, Global Adaptation and Resilience Investment Working Group, stated that the private sector has two messages for the climate sector: “we are here, and we want your engagement." Contacts: Maarten van Aalst (Moderator) | vanaalst@climatecentre.org More Information: reeep.org/events/cop22-side-event-ndc-driven-sme-climate-finance-pathways-developing-countries The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Update – 2016 Progress in Supporting Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development PathwaysPresented by the GCF This side event, moderated by Clifford Polycarp, GCF, presented the progress towards supporting developing countries in project financing, as well as initiatives to build on complementarity and coherence with other multilateral funds. Underscoring the GCF’s core principles, Zaheer Fakir, GCF Co-Chair, emphasized its role in empowering countries, unlocking their potential and promoting domestic institutional capacities. He stressed the slogan “business unusual,” underscoring direct access and institutional behavioral change. Noting that US$1 billion worth of projects have already been approved, Ewen McDonald, GCF Co-Chair, stressed that GCF’s portfolio is balanced with 27% of the projects focusing on mitigation, 28% on adaptation and 45% being of a cross-cutting nature. Underscoring the aspirational goal of utilizing US$2.5 billion for funding projects this year, he urged for an increase in the volume and quality of proposals. Javier Manzanares, GCF Executive Director ad interim, focused, among others, on: the Readiness Programme support; design and implementation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs); and harnessing innovation and technology. He further highlighted the need to maximize the engagement of the private sector, build institutional capabilities and strong relationships with all stakeholders, and invest in transformational actions in a country-driven manner. Ousseynou Nakoulima, GCF, provided an overview of the state of play, noting that more than 90 country programmes have been funded, and giving information on their geographical distribution. He described structured dialogues as the way to facilitate discussions between countries and entities, and underscored the diverse network of GCF partners as key actors to deliver the programmes’ objectives. Jiwoo Choi, GCF, discussed the GCF portfolio by region, instrument and adaptation or mitigation window. She provided numerous examples of programmes, highlighting the Sustainable Energy Financing Facilities (SEFFs) launched by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Universal Green Energy Access Programme (UGEAP) and the Sustainable Landscapes programme in Eastern Madagascar. Benedict Libanda, Environment Investment Fund, Namibia, discussed a community-based resource management programme in Namibia, noting that even relatively small projects may be effective in improving the livelihoods of local people, building capacities and institutions. Amal-Lee Amin, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), focused on the programme for sustainable energy alternatives for the Eastern Caribbean Countries (ECCs), providing details of the different stages of project development, and noting that geothermal energy, combined with solar energy and hydroelectric power, present significant potential to displace the use of oil in the region. Hakima El Haité, Minister Delegate in Charge of Environment of the Ministry of Energy, Mining, Water and Environment, Morocco, highlighted water, food security and energy as the priority sectors for Africa, and underscored the need for effective project implementation. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: funding towards direct-access projects; ways to enhance transparency and effectiveness, and improve access to civil society organizations; collaboration with other institutions and neighboring countries; ways to engage less bureaucratic and more effective institutions; and ways to promote country ownership of projects. From L-R: Jiwoo Choi, GCF; Ousseynou Nakoulima, GCF; Ewen McDonald, GCF Co-Chair; Zaheer Fakir, GCF Co-Chair; and Javier Manzanares, GCF Executive Director ad interim Javier Manzanares, GCF Executive Director ad interim, stressed the need to maximize the private sector’s engagement and build institutional capacities. Hakima El Haité, Minister Delegate in Charge of Environment of the Ministry of Energy, Mining, Water and Environment, Morocco, underscored that the application process should be simple, so that developing countries can easily access GCF funds in order to finance their adaptation projects. Zaheer Fakir, GCF Co-Chair, stressed that business-as-usual is not working, arguing for a “business unusual” pathway. Lifting the GCF ambition regarding funding projects, Ewen McDonald, GCF Co-Chair, called for numerous, quality proposals. Contacts: Clifford Polycarp | cpolycarp@gcfund.org More Information: www.greenclimate.fund Mapping and Understanding Mountains to Achieve the 2030 Agenda Presented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and OIKOS The session, moderated by Simon Rietbergen, FAO, focused on mountain frameworks in the context of climate change. He stressed that food security in mountain areas has decreased over the last decade. Andrew Taber, Executive Director, Mountain Institute, said that mountains have an important economic role in tourism, mining and forestry, provide 60-80% of global freshwater, and shelter a quarter of global terrestrial biodiversity and forests. He noted mountains are recognized in 48 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and three targets under two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Stressing that even though 40% of people vulnerable to food insecurity live in mountains and that mountains are not mentioned in SDG 2 (zero hunger), he recommended specifically assessing the role of mountains across all the SDGs. Tilman Hertz, International Climate Initiative, underscored the importance of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA). He said EbA is a no-regrets measure that delivers many benefits, and is mentioned in 100 NDCs. He described EbA approaches in Chile to reduce avalanches, and in Nepal to reduce erosion rates near roads. He noted that eco-safe roads become cost effective in 12 years due to reduced maintenance costs. Eric Chavez Betancourt, President, OIKOS, presented on the case of vicuñas in Peru for ecosystem conservation, poverty reduction, development, adaptation and mitigation. He highlighted how, brought back from the brink of extinction, vicuñas provide an opportunity for lifting one million people in Peru out of poverty. Additionally, he noted that protecting vicuñas’ natural habitats, grasslands and wetlands provides key ecosystem services, such as water provision and carbon fixation. He called for Reduced Emissions from Avoided Degradation (READ) to be considered alongside REDD+. Faya Ahmed, Guinea, noted climate change impacts in Guinea’s mountains, including disruptions in rainfall patterns and spread of diseases such as malaria. Ahmed stressed that those impacts are worsened by practices, such as unsustainable farming and forestry, and by the lack of local health services. Charles Nyandiga, Small Grants Programme of the UN Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility (UNDP/GEF), underscored the central role of local communities in mountain conservation and adaptation strategies. He described examples of traditional crop usage to reverse agriculture degradation, agroforestry practices to reduce flooding and landslides, water management strategies to reduce water scarcity and ecosystem degradation, and ridge-to-reef strategies in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). He stressed that adopting improved energy cooking systems can significantly reduce pressure on mountain ecosystems. In the discussion, participants considered the importance of both EbA and community-based approaches. From L-R: Charles Nyandiga, UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme; Eric Chavez Betancourt, President, OIKOS; Simon Rietbergen, FAO; Andrew Taber, Executive Director, Mountain Institute; and Tilman Hertz, International Climate Initiative Eric Chavez Betancourt, President, OIKOS, noted that traditional activities, such as rounding up vicuñas, help to maintain the cultural identity of communities. Faya Ahmed, Guinea, presented on the impacts of climate change in Mont Gangan, Guinea. Andrew Taber, as Chair of the Mountain Partnership, noted that the Mountain Partnership includes 57 governments and more than 280 organizations. Tilman Hertz, International Climate Initiative, said the Initiative had funded 500 projects for a total of €1.7 billion. Contacts: Simon Rietbergen (Moderator) | simon.rietbergen@fao.org More Information: www.mountainpartnership.org/ Enhancing Transparency of Mitigation and Finance: Lessons from ExperiencePresented by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Introduced by Jacob Werksman, DG-CLIMA, European Commission (EC), the event was moderated by Jane Ellis, OECD, and focused on enhancing the transparency of climate mitigation and finance. Gregory Briner, OECD, compared the diversity of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Olympic disciplines, noting that there is not a single metric to measure the performance of all athletes. He underscored that often information is missing from NDCs, such as models and assumptions for business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios, or gross domestic product (GDP) and population projections in energy intensity goals. Sara Moarif, International Energy Agency (IEA), emphasized the importance of guidelines both for reporting and for reviewing. She said review and analysis should be objective, technical and focus on what is most useful to parties. She noted that, while review and analysis are resource-intensive, the benefits are very high. Jane Ellis, OECD, underscored the gaps in information regarding climate change finance, particularly private finance mobilized by public finance. She emphasized the need to ensure comparability of climate finance accounting methodologies, and noted that collective reporting of climate finance mobilized could improve the comprehensiveness and comparability of data. Cristina Urrutia, Peru, highlighted the country’s Inforcarbon tool, which provides reporting guidelines and emission factors for the different sectors in the country. She noted the tool has improved access and retention of information by the government. She noted the technical review process has increased the sense of relevance. Noting the lack of capacity in African countries, Alpha Kaloga, African Group, said the transparency framework should be fit for purpose. He highlighted the lack of information sharing within the recipient countries, and suggested that donors share information on climate finance with a national focal point. Yamil Bonduki, UN Development Programme (UNDP), said that transparency of NDCs has to be considered from the beginning of the process, rather than as an afterthought. He underscored the importance of understanding flows by sector at the national and international levels. Noting UNDP research on climate finance allocation over the years, he underlined the need for more understanding on how it affects the private sector. Bonduki said having a more transparent system for finance will attract international support, as donors are reassured the resources create the intended impact. In the ensuing discussion, participants discussed the role of multilateral institutions in incentivizing private investment, the need for annual data for modelers, capacity building at the sectoral level, domestic tracking of climate finance, and the role of civil society in tracking finance. From L-R: Jane Ellis, OECD; Sara Moarif, IEA; Gregory Briner, OECD; Cristina Urrutia, Peru; Alpha Kaloga, African Group; and Yamil Bonduki, UNDP Jacob Werksman, DG-CLIMA, EC, underscored the importance of transparency in mitigation and climate finance reporting. Gregory Briner, OECD, highlighted the importance of modalities, procedures and guidelines for transparency. Alpha Kaloga, African Group, supported the idea of a gatekeeper to centralize information on climate finance at the national level. Jane Ellis, OECD, noted that the Paris Agreement has an inconsistency on climate finance reporting provisions. Contacts: Jane Ellis (Coordinator) | jane.ellis@oecd.org More Information: www.oecd.org/env/cc/cop22-programme-side-events.htm Climate Change and Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Region: Opportunities Through Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) CooperationPresented by Observatoire Méditerranéen de l'Energie (OME) and Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC) This event, moderated by Houda Allal, General Director, OME, analyzed the Mediterranean basin countries’ NDCs and provided recommendations for achieving a low-carbon energy transition. Bruno Lescoeur, Chairman, OME, and Josep Xercavins, UPC, provided opening remarks. Lescoeur underscored the need for a low-carbon energy transition, stating that, without a drastic change in energy policy, energy emissions will continue to increase. Anne-France Didier, Director, Plan Bleu, provided an overview of the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean, noting the recently adopted strategies to address sustainable development and climate change under the Convention. On the Mediterranean NDCs, Xercavins said there is a large gap between the aggregate effect of the current NDCs and the level of compromises required to achieve the 2°C goal under the Paris Agreement. Olga Alcaraz, UPC, said that it is necessary to translate NDCs’ modelling to the country level to understand fully the levels of ambition. Lisa Guarrera, OME, presented on whether the NDC scenarios are setting us on the desired climate path. She said that, while it is clear that the North Mediterranean has embarked on a clear energy transition pathway in its NDCs, the South Mediterranean could be more ambitious. François Gréaume, French Environment and Energy Management Agency, highlighted key aspects of a successful energy transition, including: development of local capacities; programme implementation in priority sectors like energy, transport and agriculture; and engaging all actors in the energy transition. Amine Homman, ENGIE, then moderated a roundtable discussion. Mohamed El Amrani, Fédération de l’Energie, Morocco, said that Morocco is committed to achieving its NDC, having allocated over US$70 million to transitioning to clean energy. Abdelali Dakkina, National Agency for Energy Efficiency, Morocco, drew attention to the huge energy efficiency potential, which could take Morocco halfway to achieving its emissions reduction goal. Silvia Pariente-David, Center for Mediterranean Integration, noted that none of the NDCs from the Mediterranean reflect the need for better market integration to reduce emissions. She stressed the huge potential for renewables and called on the region to transition directly to natural gas. Amado Gil, Gas Natural Fenosa (GNF), stressed the role of natural gas in energy efficiency. In the discussion, participants considered the need to balance between energy supply and demand in the region, and the commitment of gas companies to changing the fossil fuel narrative. From L-R: Josep Xercavins, UPC; Bruno Lescoeur, Chairman, OME; and Houda Allal, General Director, OME. Josep Xercavins, UPC, underscored the need for references in order to assess if a country is on track for the 2°C global goal and that, with equity and justice, it is possible to translate the global goal reference to the Mediterranean region. Bruno Lescoeur, Chairman, OME, underlined the urgent need to profile and rethink how energy is produced, used and transformed in order to address climate change in the context of NDCs. Houda Allal, General Director, OME, said less energy consumption is not necessarily a reduction in energy use but an avoidance of emissions. Contacts: Houda Allal (Moderator) | houda.allal@ome.org Josep Xercavins | josep.xercavins@upc.edu More Information: www.ome.org/ www.upc.edu/ Improving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Ecovillage Development, Energy Access and Zero-Carbon Societies in Africa, Asia and the European Union (EU)Presented by the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN), the International Network for Sustainable Energy (INFORSE) and the Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy (NFVE) This side event, co-moderated by Kosha Anja Joubert, Executive Director, GEN, Gunnar Boye Olesen, INFORSE, and Preben Maegaard, Executive Director, NFVE, focused on ways through which local solutions may lead to ambitious NDCs, provide energy access and improve livelihoods. Highlighting intentional, traditional and urban ecovillages, and noting that GEN reaches out to 100,000 communities worldwide, Joubert urged considering new concepts of wealth, celebrating human culture and rebuilding solidarity in local communities. Tim Clarke, European Network for Community-Led Initiatives on Climate Change and Sustainability (ECOLISE), underscored social inclusion, local ownership, employment generation, and access to untapped resources and indigenous knowledge. Focusing on children, Linda Kabaira, GEN-Africa, Zimbabwe, presented on efforts to build resilience in a changing climate by greening schools. Highlighting that his country has negative net carbon emissions, Chencho Norbu, National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS), Bhutan, presented national policies pursuing, inter alia, organic farming. Kavita Shriya Myles, INFORSE South Asia, discussed a pro-poor approach to universal clean energy access and a compassionate approach to improving livelihoods. Describing ecovillage development (EVD) as a climate solution, Dumindu Herath, Integrated Development Association (IDEA), Sri Lanka, underscored national initiatives, including the development of 10,000 climate-smart villages. Shovana Maharjan, Centre for Rural Technology (CRT), Nepal, discussed EVD contribution to achieving national and international goals and targets, highlighting capacity building and awareness-raising campaigns. Mohammad Mahmodul Hasan, Grameen Shakti, Bangladesh, addressed existing mitigation solutions at the national level, including the solar home electricity programme for off-grid villages, improved cooking stoves, biogas plants and organic farming. Underscoring the transboundary, cross-sectional and cross-cutting nature of climate change, Santosh Patnaik, Climate Action Network (CAN) South Asia, urged for regional cooperation to overcome climate vulnerabilities. Maegaard stressed that, by 2030, 58% of all new electricity generation capacity will be based on renewables. Stressing that the science behind the Paris Agreement clearly recognizes the need for net Zero-Carbon emissions, Paul Allen, Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT), UK, identified food, transport, buildings and energy as the four key sectors, and underscored that by "breaking existing climate silence", people forge a collective identity. Highlighting community power for the transition to 100% renewable energy, Leire Gorroño Albizu, NFVE, presented the case study of Hvide Sande in Denmark, where the installation of three community-owned wind turbines led to economic stability and development, job creation and self-sufficiency. During discussions, participants addressed, among others: emissions related to meat consumption; reduction in beef consumption and potential effects for communities that are based on animal husbandry; ways to overcome water scarcity problems; inclusiveness under mitigation; and ways to connect the regional, national and international levels. From L-R: Chencho Norbu, NECS, Bhutan; Tim Clarke, ECOLISE; Kosha Anja Joubert, Executive Director, GEN; and Linda Kabaira, GEN-Africa, Zimbabwe Highlighting food sovereignty, Linda Kabaira, GEN-Africa, Zimbabwe, cried on behalf of the children: “we are not too young to be involved.” Calling for rebuilding solidarity and sharing, Kosha Anja Joubert, Executive Director, GEN, stressed that there are no solutions at the national level; “we are in one boat.” From L-R: Shovana Maharjan, CRT, Nepal; Mohammad Mahmodul Hasan, Grameen Shakti, Bangladesh; Gunnar Boye Olesen, INFORSE; Kavita Myles, INFORSE South Asia; Dumindu Herath, IDEA, Sri Lanka; and Santosh Patnaik, CAN South Asia Mohammad Mahmodul Hasan, Grameen Shakti, Bangladesh, noted that a model for EVD will be submitted as a project proposal to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). Kavita Shriya Myles, INFORSE South Asia, highlighted gender mainstreaming income generation, capacity building and equitable access to resources. Contacts: Kosha Anja Joubert (Moderator) | kosha.joubert@ecovillage.org Gunnar Boye Olesen (Moderator) | olesen@ve.dk Preben Maegaard (Moderator) | pm@folkecenter.dk More Information: www.gen.ecovillage.org www.inforse.dk www.folkecenter.net

On Friday, ITTC-52 entered its fifth day of work. In the morning, the Council continued discussions regarding the selection of the new ITTO Executive Director (ED). Another vote was held, with no winner. At the request of Producers, a contact group was formed to discuss the principle of rotation in the selection of the ED. Afterward the Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) continued its deliberations on the proposed revision of ITTO financial rules and procedures, audit standards, and relevant portions of the Staff Regulations and Rules. In the afternoon, the Council convened to hear pledges to the Special Account and the Bali Partnership Fund (BPF) and the Report of the Panel on Sub-Account B of the BPF. The Council also heard a report from the co-facilitators of the contact group on rotation in the appointment of an ED, and agreed that the contact group should draft a decision creating an intersessional working group to develop modalities for the principle. The Council then met in closed session on the legal implications and measures related to ITTO investments that led to the impairment of funds. In the evening, the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) and the Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets and the Committee on Forest Industry (CEM-CFI) met in parallel to review and accept their draft reports, while the CFA met to discuss the decision on the guidelines for addressing the ITTO financial shortfall. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Council Session View of the Council session L-R: Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52; Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52; and Steven Johnson, Officer-in-Charge, ITTO Secretariat Anna Tyler, New Zealand, Consumer caucus spokesperson Eheth Ongmanong Victoire, Cameroon, Producer caucus spokesperson Sarquis Buiainain Sarquis, Brazil Pierre Ndzengue, Cameroon Richard Gbadoe Edjidomele, Togo Katharina Kuehmayer, Austria Freezailah Che Yeom, Malaysia Emmanuelle Maire, EU Gabriel Dusava, Papua New Guinea Alicia Grimes, US Jorge Malleux, Peru Tarita Clark, Australia Delegates from the Philippines casting their vote For the third time this week a special vote on election of the Executive Director did not result in a decision Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52 Fernando Perdigão, Brazil Carolyn Guy, New Zealand Rob Busink, the Netherlands Hiroyuki Nishiura, Japan Luke Thompson, US Youngtae Choi, Republic of Korea Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Vice-Chair of CFA and Rob Busink, Chair of CFA Paulo Vinícius Garcia, Brazil Stephanie McFadden O'Neill, US Anne Schick, Switzerland Jill Hanna, EU L-R: Gerhard Breulmann, ITTO Secretariat; David Brooks, ITTO Consultant; and Maiko Suzuki, ITTO Secretariat Steven Johnson, Officer-in-Charge, ITTO Secretariat Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets (CEM) and Committee on Forest Industry (CFI) L-R: Achille Orphée Lokossou, Vice-Chair of CFI; Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO Secretariat; Akiko Nakano, Chair of CFI; and Alicia Grimes, Chair of CEM Björn Merkell, Sweden Raul Briz, the Philippines Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) View of the CRF closing session Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat, thanked the CRF on wishing him well on his retirement L-R: Hwan-Ok Ma, ITTO Secretariat; Marjukka Mähönen, Vice-Chair of CRF; and Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF; and Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat CRF group photo

On Thursday, 10 November, the UN Climate Change Conference continued in Marrakech, Morocco. In the morning, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) convened in a contact group to discuss all of its substantive agenda items, with reports back from informal consultations. Throughout the day negotiations took place in contact groups and informal consultations under the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP), the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA). Informal consultations under the APA addressed: further matters related to the implementation of the Paris Agreement; further guidance in relation to the adaptation communication, including, inter alia, as a component of nationally determined contributions (NDCs); modalities and procedures for the effective operation of the committee to facilitate implementation and promote compliance; and global stocktake. The facilitative sharing of views (FSV) under the international consultation and analysis (ICA) process for developing country parties under the SBI also took place. The COP Presidency also held informal consultations on the first session of the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1). Read the full ENB / UNFCCC COP 22 Daily Report IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage, daily reports and a summary and analysis report from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth. For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions on our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage page. Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) Contact Group View of the dais during the APA contact group APA Co-Chair Jo Tyndall, New Zealand APA Co-Chair Sarah Baashan, Saudi Arabia Franz Perrez, Switzerland Informal consultations Co-Facilitator Xiang Gao, China Ravi Prasad, India Informal consultations Co-Facilitator Sin Liang Cheah, Singapore Informal consultations Co-Facilitator Ilze Prūse, Latvia Informal consultations Co-Facilitator Peter Horne, Australia Fatuma Hussein, Kenya, speaking on behalf of the African Group Diego Pacheco Balanza, Bolivia Marcia Levaggi, Argentina Informal consultations Co-Facilitator Richard Muyungi, Tanzania Observer delegates during the session Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) Facilitative Sharing of Views View of the dais during the session Soledad Aguilar, Argentina Javier Eduardo Mendoza, Colombia Miles Perry, EU Dina Spörri, Switzerland Erik Adriansson, Sweden SBI Vice-Chair Zhihua Chen, China Reed Schuler, US Contact Groups and Informal Consultations throughout the Day COP informal consultations on preparations for the entry into force of the Paris Agreement and the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1) Informal consultations on APA agenda item 8: further matters related to implementation of the Paris Agreement SBI informal consultations on the Poznan strategic programme on technology transfer Civil Society Demonstrations Members of civil society highlight the institutionalized barriers to women’s participation in climate decision making, saying people should not need moustaches to be heard Youth from the Republic of Korea invite delegates to pledge their commitments to achieve a limit of 1.5°C warming and write them on the wings of paper butterflies Members of civil society highlight the impact of climate change on the displacement of people globally and call for stronger action to promote climate justice Around the Venue Delegates confer during the morning session Isiaka Alhaji Yusuf, Nigeria Delegates from Guinea Delegates between sessions Youth from the UAE participate in a panel discussion UNFCCC Global Climate Action Champion Laurence Tubiana, France Chris Field, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), speaks with the media SBI Chair Tomasz Chruszczow, Poland, with delegates Kraithong Chanaphanth, UN Security

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Thursday, 10 November 2016: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Climate Finance Pathways for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) Intergenerational Inquiry: The Role of Young People in Implementing the Paris Agreement Fossil Fuel Supply and Climate Policy: Key Steps to Enhance Ambition Climate-Induced Displacement – Protecting and Promoting Rights of the Climate Migrants What is Essential for Transparency under the Paris Agreement? IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page What is Essential for Transparency under the Paris Agreement?Presented by Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Wageningen University Maria Brockhaus, University of Helsinki, moderated this side event on: the role of sustainable land and forest management in meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement, including how they can be monitored; and the roles and responsibilities of different actors. She stressed that the event highlighted the political dimension of data and information, and the need to strive for transparency under the Paris Agreement. Arild Angelsen, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, presented on REDD+ reference levels. He called for a critical reflection on data gathering and interpretation, and cautioned that how reference levels are set can have enormous implications, highlighting the need to adjust for national circumstances or systemic biases. Martin Herold, Wageningen University, discussed how to enhance transparency and independent monitoring in the land use sector. He acknowledged several components to support transparency, inter alia: interactive monitoring system designs to increase participation; and the need for independent monitoring.  Anne Larson, CIFOR, addressed the multilevel challenges within land governance, in particular when establishing monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems. She underscored the need to understand the relationships of different actors and institutions, including those outside the forestry sector, and the importance of dialogue. Explaining that, in 2008, Indonesia adopted a “freedom of information law,” Muhammad Teguh Surya, Madani, cautioned that despite this, forestry data is often not available. He called for improving transparency in the forestry sector not just on paper, but in implementation.  Leticia Guimarães, Ministry of Environment, Brazil, explained that since 2001, Brazil has listed all its forestry data online, including reference levels on deforestation. Samuel Mensah Mawutor, Civic Response, Ghana, highlighted the governance challenges pertaining to continued deforestation, including how elections can erase progress made on preventing deforestation in previous administrations. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: the role of politics; how to address inflated baselines, in particular related to the market mechanisms of the Paris Agreement; data and corruption issues; and the transparency gap. From L-R: Maria Brockhaus, University of Helsinki; Muhammad Teguh Surya, Madani; Arild Angelsen, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; and Anne Larson, CIFOR Arild Angelsen, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, called for increased transparency “to put the data on the table,” while cautioning against bias in the interpretation and use of data. Martin Herold, Wageningen University, called transparency “an opportunity to build confidence and legitimacy,” while acknowledging that the process can cause frustration. Anne Larson, CIFOR, called for dialogue between decision makers and scientists, including at the subnational level, so that everyone “can be on board.” Muhammad Teguh Surya, Madani, noted transparency is essential to improve forest protection in Indonesia. Contacts: Levania Santoso (Coordinator) | l.santoso@cgiar.org More Information: seors.unfccc.int www.cifor.org/gcs/ Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Climate Finance Pathways for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)Presented by the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) and the Private Finance Advisory Network (PFAN) Martin Hiller, Director General, REEEP, moderated this event, which addressed the climate financing for SMEs in the context of NDCs, noting SMEs’ role for economic growth and in community upliftment. Ari Huhtala, Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), outlined the vital role of SMEs in NDCs implementation, stating that SMEs are well positioned to deliver technologies to the bottom of the social pyramid and increase community resilience. Syamsidar Thamrin, Indonesia, said her government has formulated an energy strategy that aims to, inter alia, increase economic incentives for renewable energy and develop innovative finance mechanisms, citing as an example the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund. She said the Trust Fund aims to support innovative project implementation by, among others, providing risk insurance for green projects, a project development facility, and capacity building. Peter Storey, Global Coordinator, PFAN, remarked that implementation of NDCs should be mainstreamed, rather than operationalized plan-by-plan. He stated that projects should be “bundled” on a large enough scale to attract finance from institutions such as investment banks. He noted other financing methods include crowding in private sector finance, citing off-grid projects in Zambia, where PFAN have sought private sector guarantees to deliver electricity connections, with initial financing provided by PFAN and the Government of Sweden. Mark Fogarty, First Energy Asia, noted REEEP’s role in providing finance to the SME sector by establishing small, localized funds to bring partners together to achieve innovation and secure financing through leveraging the equity smaller enterprises can provide. Opening the discussion to the audience, Hiller said that while there is a lot of climate financing available, “it is not about having a lot of money, but rather having the right kind of money in the right place, at the right time.” Participants then addressed: how to engage SMEs that are informal in sector; the role of, and engaging with, the microfinance sector; criteria for selecting projects financing; fossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia; and the modalities of project bundling. From L-R: Ari Huhtala, CDKN; Syamsidar Thamrin, Indonesia; Martin Hiller, Director General, REEEP; Peter Storey, Global Coordinator, PFAN; and Mark Fogarty, First Energy Asia. Peter Storey, Global Coordinator, PFAN, underscored that for NDCs to have “the impact we need,” NDCs need to move from wish lists to investment plans. Syamsidar Thamrin, Indonesia, said that, for her government, implementation of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and NDCs go hand-in-hand. Mark Fogarty, First Energy Asia, said that REEP’s twice-yearly call for projects seeks opportunities to invest in projects with sustainable food, water and energy outcomes. Contacts: Martin Hiller (Moderator) | martin.hiller@reeep.org More Information: reeep.org/events/cop22-side-event-ndc-driven-sme-climate-finance-pathways-developing-countries Intergenerational Inquiry: The Role of Young People in Implementing the Paris AgreementPresented by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) This side event, moderated by Timothy Damon, YOUNGO, and Miriam Carolina Somocurcio Holguin, YOUNGO, focused on the key role that youth, who represent more than half of the world’s population, play in implementing climate action. Richard Kinley, UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary, stressed that the Paris Agreement, combined with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), put the world on a "reasonable" path towards a sustainable future. Noting that the forces of social and economic change are unstoppable but need to be sped up, he pointed to youth as the engine of social mobilization and change. Underscoring that new economic and social models, as well as new lifestyles, are needed, he called for “an economic and social wave that will sweep along governments” that are less willing to cooperate. Noting that youth had been an invisible group for too long, Ahmad Alhendawi, UN Envoy for Youth, stressed that this has changed over the past few years. He underscored that, despite the Paris Agreement, the world is nowhere near where it should be, noting that it is not time for celebrations, but rather efforts need to be intensified to hold government accountable to the commitments they made. Stressing the need to take into consideration youth involvement and initiatives in decision-making processes, Fadoua Brour, twelfth session of the Conference of Youth (COY 12), highlighted major achievements and challenges related to organizing and running COY 12. Dominique Souris, YOUNGO, stressed the need to define meaningful youth involvement and find innovative spaces for youth and elders to work together. Noting that young people are passionate and find ways to exceed the Paris Agreement’s expectations, Donald Bambara, YOUNGO, highlighted the need for guidance and mentorship. Faouzia Bahloul, Global Youth Video Winner, shared her personal experience as an environmental educator and scientist working on renewable energy. Noting that young people inherit the problems but also the solutions, Kaia Rose, Film4Climate Winner, advocated for a carbon price, underscoring that such a step would make all other solutions easier. Hakima El Haité, Minister Delegate in charge of Environment of the Minister of Energy, Mining, Water and Environment, Morocco, said that the global climate action agenda will be launched with the intergenerational inquiry. Noting that “maybe we are too old to rethink the world you are dreaming of,” she called for action, quoting President Obama’s message “yes, we can.” In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: legal climate action; YOUNGO’s inclusivity and structure; the potential for a youth-friendly version of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); understanding climate change using health narratives; participation of more youth from the Global South; and ways to communicate the Paris Agreement to young people. From L-R: Adriana Valenzuela, UNFCCC Secretariat; Dominique Souris, YOUNGO; Donald Bambara, YOUNGO; Ahmad Alhendawi, UN Envoy for Youth; Richard Kinley, UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary; Faouzia Bahloul, Youth Video Winner; and Kaia Rose, Film4Climate Winner “The youth are talking but are also doing. Are you listening?” asked Dominique Souris, YOUNGO. Donald Bambara, YOUNGO, urged elders to believe in the potential of young people and their innovations. Richard Kinley, UNFCCC Deputy Executive Secretary; underscored that “the stone age did not end because we ran out of stone.” Ahmad Alhendawi, UN Envoy for Youth, stressed: “Our generation is the generation of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement, it is the generation that cannot postpone what needs to be done.” Contacts: Adriana Valenzuela | AValenzuelaJimenez@unfccc.int More Information: unfccc.int/cc_inet/cc_inet/youth_portal/items/6795.php Fossil Fuel Supply and Climate Policy: Key Steps to Enhance AmbitionPresented by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Oil Change International and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) This event, moderated by Leo Hickman, Carbon Brief, discussed ways for climate policy to address fossil fuel supply and debated the implications of policies such as moratoria on new coalmines or removal of production subsidies. Michael Lazarus, SEI, provided opening remarks, saying that: policies that constrain fossil fuel extraction are important complements to climate policy; and such policies can be integrated into national strategies and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. Greg Muttitt, Oil Change International, presented Oil Change International’s recent report, ‘The Sky’s the Limit.’ He said the report recommends: commencing a managed decline in fossil fuel supply; rapidly expanding renewable energy; and immediately ceasing fossil fuel permits and concessions. Ivetta Gerasimchuk, Global Subsidies Initiative, IISD, urged for production subsidy removal as part of a comprehensive climate action package, where supporting data can then be used to encourage other measures, such as extension on temporary production moratoria. Peter Erickson, SEI, presented on moratoria on new fossil fuel development using the case of the US, saying that moratoria will bring a net CO2 reduction and help enhance ambition. Katie Thomas, Policy Advisor for Energy and Environment, Office of US Senator Bernie Sanders, spoke on the proposed Keep It in the Ground Act. She said that while the current climate outlook is “dimmer than before,” the Act is a tangible rallying point for the direct action that will be needed and will be seen in the future. Tzeporah Berman, Oil Sands Advisory Working Group, Alberta Government, outlined the Alberta Climate Plan, saying that it was the first oil producing region to legislate a methane limit. She advocated for creating targets and “new expectations” for climate leadership. Berit Kristoffersen, University of Tromsø, Norway, outlined fossil fuel supply issues in Norway, saying that there is currently a lawsuit on whether the Government of Norway’s decision to open up Arctic Oil Fields is in line with the constitution. In the ensuing discussion, participants said that the conversation on managed decline needs to be clear to ensure that it means we are “getting off fossil fuels and not greening fossil fuels.” They also highlighted the need to engage disenfranchised, low-income communities and communities of color to ensure a just transition. Other topics included the importance of state and local activities for future climate action; and the role of carbon taxes. From L-R: Greg Muttitt, Oil Change International; Ivetta Gerasimchuk, IISD; and Peter Erickson, SEI. Ivetta Gerasimchuk, IISD, noted that to gain traction when advocating for supply-side subsidy reform, the World Trade Organization (WTO) definition should be used. Greg Muttitt, Oil Change International, introduced Oil Change International’s recent report ‘The Sky’s the Limit,’ noting the report states that even if no new fossil fuel infrastructure is built, the 2°C limit will be exceeded. Michael Lazarus, SEI, said that parties should consider how to recognize, track and support supply-side strategies for constraining fossil fuel extraction. Contacts: Marion Davis (Coordinator) | marion.davis@sei-international.org More Information: www.sei-international.org/sei-events-at-cop22 Climate-Induced Displacement – Protecting and Promoting Rights of the Climate MigrantsPresented by ActionAid, Asian Peoples Movement for Debt and Development (APMDD), Climate Action Network (CAN) South Asia, the Coastal Association for Social Transformation Trust (COAST Trust), Friends of the Earth International and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) This side event, moderated by Lidy Nacpil, APMDD, and Rezaul Karim Chowdhury, COAST Trust, discussed the issue of climate-induced displacement all over the world, focusing on countries most vulnerable to climate change. Nacpil and Chowdhury underscored the urgency of the situation, noting that in addition to simply discussing the extent of the impacts, the rights of the displaced also need to be considered. Noting that climate migrants are not covered by the existing legal framework, Azed Girmai, Least Developed Countries Watch (LDC Watch), stressed that a protocol under Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) is required to offer them protection. Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia, presented on climate-induced migration and policy responses in South Asia. He described four migration patterns, namely permanent, internal, transboundary and external migration, and underscored that simultaneous disasters test the capabilities of disaster risk reduction (DRR) practitioners. Rita Uwaka, Friends of the Earth Africa, focused on displacement in Africa, highlighting sea-level rise and land grabs as important driving forces of migration. Providing numerous examples, she underscored that unregulated internal displacement can have serious consequences in terms of conflicts, as migrants are marginalized as intruders and face social exclusion and discrimination. Harjeet Singh, ActionAid, discussed initiatives under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), focusing on WIM. Noting that discussion on terminologies needs to be shortened in order to move towards action, he underscored that migrants need to be protected at regional, national and international levels. Regarding the WIM Taskforce, Singh underscored the need to look at displacement in a more dynamic manner, promote mutual learning, and address legal and institutional challenges. Nina Birkeland, NRC, called for an integrated approach, including the Sendai Framework for DRR, the UN Global Compact and the Platform on Disaster Displacement (PDD). Noting that, as long as temperatures continue to rise, future scenarios will be bleak, Kamal Uddin Ahmed, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh, focused on efforts at the national level to strengthen capacities, protect the most vulnerable and provide societal safety nets. Stressing that many factors are at play regarding displaced people, Atle Solberg, PDD, noted that climate change is a risk amplifier. He underscored the need for a toolbox of policy options to address the problem and discussed different options for protection, including freedom of movement and regional protection frameworks.  Marine Franck, Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), highlighted the need to mainstream human mobility issues in the UNFCCC agenda and stressed that using the term “climate refugees” sends the wrong signal as these people are not protected by the 1951 Refugee Convention. Underscoring that climate change is currently hurting people and the international community is not doing enough, Benjamin Schachter, Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), noted that the legal and policy regimes must be clarified, and that existing categories can no longer protect the rights of all displaced people. In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, among others: terminology and whether migration and displacement are used interchangeably; effects on host communities; and ways to build political support for displaced people, especially in the Global North. From L-R: Rita Uwaka, Friends of the Earth Africa; Kamal Uddin Ahmed, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh; Lidy Nacpil, APMDD; Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia; Harjeet Singh, ActionAid; and Atle Solberg, PDD Rita Uwaka, Friends of the Earth Africa, underscored land grabbing by transnational companies in the name of structural development as one of the causes of displacement in Africa. Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia, noted that climate change impacts are invisible but are driving migration. Harjeet Singh, ActionAid, stressed the need to “avoid, minimize and address displacement.” Contacts: Rezaul Karim Chowdhury (moderator) | reza.coast@gmail.com Vanessa Meadu (coordinator) | v.meadu@cgiar.org More Information: www.actionaid.org www.apmdd.org www.cansouthasia.net www.coastbd.net www.foei.org www.nrc.no About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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On its fourth day, ITTC-52 continued discussions regarding the selection of the new ITTO Executive Director. In the morning, the Council also took up cooperation between ITTO and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), developments in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regarding forests and their potential implications for tropical forests and the world tropical timber economy, and the ITTO/Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Collaborative Initiative to Conserve Tropical Forests. A closed session was held on the legal implications and measures related to ITTO investments that led to the impairment of funds. In the afternoon, the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) and the Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets and the Committee on Forest Industry (CEM-CFI) met in parallel. CEM-CFI reviewed projects and pre-projects in progress, and discussed the Biennial Work Programme (BWP) for the Committees, as well as policy work on: the demonstration and adoption of credit schemes for small-medium forest enterprises; market access; forest and timber certification; selected data and analysis from elements for the ITTO Biennial Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation; and strengthening the participation of the private sector in ITTO work. The CRF reviewed projects and pre-projects in Progress and discussed its BWP and recommendations for the Council. In the evening, the Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) continued its deliberations on the proposed revision of ITTO financial rules and procedures, audit standards, and relevant portions of the Staff Regulations and Rules. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Council Session Dais during the Council session Hwan-Ok Ma, ITTO Secretariat, reported on ITTO/UNFCCC collaboration Akhirrudin Bin Mahmud, Malaysia Rosette Rasoamanarivo, Madagascar Matthias Schwoerer, Germany Milena Sosa-Schmidt, Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Jorge Pedro Flores Marker, Mexico Aysha Ghadiali, US Jaime Pacheco Aranda, Colombia Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat, reported on ITTO/CBD Collaborative Initiative to Conserve Tropical Forests Gabriel Dusava, Papua New Guinea Emmanuelle Maire, EU Zhang Zhongtian, China Jorge Mario Rodríguez Zúñiga, Costa Rica Teguh Rahardja, Indonesia Felix Magallon González, Panama Catalina Santamaria, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Yani Septiani, Indonesia Youngtae Choi, Republic of Korea L-R: Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52; Steven Johnson, Officer-in-Charge, ITTO Secretariat, and Gerhard Breulmann, ITTO Secretariat Anna Tyler, New Zealand, Consumer caucus spokesperson Eheth Ongmanong Victoire, Cameroon, Producer caucus spokeperson Producer members consulting Consumer members consulting For the second time this week a simple majority was not reached to proceed to a special vote on election of the Executive Director Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (CRF) L-R: Hwan-Ok Ma, ITTO Secretariat; Marjukka Mähönen, Vice Chair of CRF; and Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF; Takeshi Goto, ITTO Secretariat; and Polycarpe Masupa Kambale, ITTO Secretariat Sapuan Ahmad, Malaysia John Leigh, Peru L-R: Dambis Kaip, Papua New Guinea, incoming Vice-Chair of CRF; Marjukka Mähönen, Vice-Chair of CRF; and Nurudeen Iddrisu, Chair of CRF Committee on Economics, Statistics and Markets (CEM) and Committee on Forest Industry (CFI) L-R: Achille Orphée Lokossou, Vice-Chair of CFI; Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO Secretariat; Akiko Nakano, Chair of CFI; Alicia Grimes, Chair of CEM; Jorge Malleux, Vice-Chair of CEM; and Li Qiang, ITTO Secretariat Akiko Nakano, Chair of CFI Alicia Grimes, Chair of CEM Frances Maplesden, ITTO consultant, presented selected data and analysis from Elements for the ITTO Biennial Review and Assessment View of a presentation by Frances Maplesden, ITTO Consultant Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Vice-Chair of CFA; Rob Busink, Chair of CFA; Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat; and Gerhard Breulmann, ITTO Secretariat Rob Busink, Chair of CFA David Brooks, ITTO Consultant ITTC-52 Snapshots ITTO publications on display and for distribution

The following side events were covered by ENBOTS on Wednesday, 9 November 2016: Promoting Low Carbon Asia for the Paris Agreement: Cases of National and Local Experience on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Activities and Market Mechanisms Paris Implementation: Sustained Peer Learning, Coordination and Support in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network 10th Focal Point Forum of the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on “Health and Adaptation” Economic Advantage of Agriculture in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) Hydroclimate Services for All The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Technology Mechanism: Enhancing Climate Technology Development and Transfer IISD Reporting Services, through its ENBOTS Meeting Coverage, is providing daily web coverage from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016. Photos by IISD/ENB | Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin For photo reprint permissions, please follow instructions at our Attribution Regulations for Meeting Photo Usage Page Promoting Low Carbon Asia for the Paris Agreement: Cases of National and Local Experience on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Activities and Market MechanismsPresented by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Moderated by Junichi Fujino, NIES, this side event considered city climate change action plans and city-to-city collaboration through the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and utilization of the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM). Opening the session, Ho Chin Siong, University of Technology Malaysia, and Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, introduced the discussion on the feasibility and implementation of low carbon development projects in Asia, particularly in cities. Ranping Song, World Resources Institute (WRI), suggested that successful implementation of NDCs include commitments across sectors and from non-state actors, who engage in cooperative actions. Providing several examples, he highlighted that over 1,700 cities have joined the Global Covenant of Mayors. Mizutani called cities “essential non-state actors to tackle climate change” and identified city-to-city collaboration in the Asian region as a useful tool to roll out low carbon technology via the JCM. Describing a memorandum of understanding between the Governments of Japan and Viet Nam to support low carbon development, Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam, said cities play an important role in implementing the NDCs, and highlighted a partnership between Osaka, Japan, and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.  Datuk Hj. Sahrom bin Ujang, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysia, presented the Kuala Lumpur Low Carbon Society 2030 Blueprint, which addresses, inter alia: transportation, including rail, bike and pedestrian systems; infrastructure and digital technology; energy, including a focus on addressing energy efficiency and public transportation; and open green spaces. Ho Chin Siong asked how to move from planning to implementation of the NDCs, and called for urban policy and design to be backed by science. Recognizing that while cities are significant emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs), he underscored that they need to also remain competitive and serve as engines of growth, and urged for decoupling carbon emissions and economic growth.  Calling for a holistic approach and new research focused on societal engagement, Boyd Dionysius Joeman, Iskandar Regional Development Authority, Malaysia, presented a green economic guideline to support businesses in transitioning to low carbon development. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: the citizens' climate pledge; how to engage the private sector, including architects and planners, in low carbon city development; the role of education; and science-based target setting. From L-R: Ranping Song, WRI; Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan; Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam; Junichi Fujino, NIES; Ho Chin Siong, University of Technology Malaysia; Datuk Hj. Sahrom bin Ujang, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysia, and Boyd Dionysius Joeman, Iskandar Regional Development Authority, Malaysia Junichi Fujino, NIES, asked how city-to-city cooperation in the Asian region could enhance the implementation of low carbon development strategies. Suggesting a stronger focus on city-to-city cooperation, Nguyen Van Huy, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam, said that GHGs could be reduced via large-scale investments in technology transfer, urban planning strategies and knowledge transfer. Recognizing that more than 70% of CO2 emissions originate in cities, Yoshihiro Mizutani, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, called cities an “essential non-state actor” to address climate change. Contacts: Junichi Fujino (moderator) | int-unfccc@nies.go.jp More Information: https://seors.unfccc.int/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=4UTDCU39N4PILBMN3OTM4U5PQRN6PS52 https://seors.unfccc.int/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=VY2NK1ATDKEHPOFR31AW6XTB4ADDENW5 Paris Implementation: Sustained Peer Learning, Coordination and Support in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global NetworkPresented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Governments of Germany, Grenada and the US This side event, moderated by Trevor Thompson, Grenada, addressed the work of the NAP Global Network and how it has contributed to effective NAP processes through sustained peer learning, coordinated bilateral support and targeted technical assistance. Frank Fass-Metz, Germany, provided opening remarks, noting that the NAP Global Network is becoming renowned for providing support and being an information leader in NAP processes. He stressed that the Network will also be beneficial for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) implementation, underscoring increased bilateral interest for supporting the Network. Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD and NAP Global Network Coordinator, outlined the work, activities and results of the Network. She said that it aims to facilitate sustained peer learning and exchange on challenges and opportunities associated with NAP processes, support national-level action and enhance bilateral support for adaptation. Martina Duncan, Grenada, provided an overview of the NAP process and the support provided by the Network. She said lessons learned include that: prioritization is key; timeframes must be realistic and manageable; NAP processes must have ownership outside of environment departments; NAPs should be linked to national planning; NAPs can be used to approach donors; resource mobilization needs to be a key pillar of NAPs; and political incentives should be created for mainstreaming. Price-Kelly then moderated a panel discussion. John Furlow, US Agency for International Development (USAID), stated that the Network has informed US approaches on adaptation, connected non-climate programmes with NAP processes and formed closer connections with other bilateral donors and development agencies. Laureta Dibra, Albania, said the Albanian NAP process allowed them to understand that national adaptation planning is a long-term process involving different sectors across different levels. She noted that the NAP process aided in identifying national climate risks, and that they are now working on developing a financing strategy. During the ensuing discussion, participants discussed how the Grenada NAP process aligns with NDCs; approaches to prioritize funding; engaging the private sector; and measuring the success of capacity building. From L-R: Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD; Martina Duncan, Grenada; John Furlow, USAID; and Laureta Dibra, Albania. Hayley Price-Kelly, IISD and NAP Global Network Coordinator, outlined the Network’s niche areas, including coordination of NAP processes and providing bilateral support to developing countries. Frank Fass-Metz, Germany, said that the early entry into force of the Paris Agreement shows that there is great momentum to advance on mitigation and adaptation. John Furlow, USAID, said that one of the results of the NAP Global Network is that the US is able to show missions how to connect efforts in agriculture, tourism and other sectors within NAP processes. Contacts: Hayley Price-Kelly | hprice-kelly@iisd.ca Martina Duncan | martinacduncan@gmail.com More Information: www.napglobalnetwork.org/ 10th Focal Point Forum of the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on “Health and Adaptation”Presented by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) This side event, moderated by Pablo Suarez, Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, focused on the NWP, which contributes to advancing adaptation action through knowledge in the post-Paris regime in order to scale up adaptation at all levels, with a focus on developing countries. Activities under the NWP involve close collaboration with a network of over 320 organizations working on adaptation all over the world. The NWP provides knowledge support to Parties, as well as to the Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Expert Group (LEG). The NWP also facilitates science-policy-practice collaboration in closing adaptation knowledge gaps, synthesizes and disseminates information and knowledge on adaptation, and fosters learning to boost adaptation actions, including through the Adaptation knowledge portal. Carlos Fuller, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) Chair, underscored that the 10th Focal Point Forum on health and adaptation provides an excellent opportunity for policy makers, researchers, scientific communities, practitioners and financial institutions, not just to exchange actions that they are engaged in, but to identify areas of strategic collaboration in order to close critical gaps that will help inform adaptation actions addressing the topic of health. Underscoring the importance of innovation, Suarez explained the interactive part of the Forum, noting the expectations, namely to gain a shared understanding of the activities undertaken with respect to health, and to discuss new actions. Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, World Health Organization (WHO), provided an overview of the interlinkages between climate change and health, included in the NWP. He highlighted, inter alia: health risks sensitive to climatic conditions, including extreme weather events, malaria, diarrhea and under-nutrition; projected changes in health impacts due to climate change; projected changes in disease distribution; direct and indirect health effects; risk of emerging infections; and temperature and productivity changes. Noting that health adaptation “does not start from scratch,” Campbell-Lendrum highlighted the increasing number of adaptation projects worldwide. Tiffany Hodgson, UNFCCC Secretariat, provided an overview of the parties’ submissions. She highlighted emerging concerns, including geographical distribution of vector-borne and waterborne diseases, as well as malnutrition and disaster impacts.Hodgson further identified main challenges, namely surveillance and early-warning systems, knowledge on the climate-health nexus, intersectoral and transboundary engagement, implementation and funding, and capacity building and awareness raising. Underscoring the insufficient understanding of the climate change impacts on health, Barney Dickson, UN Environment, highlighted the Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative, which aims to identify key adaptation knowledge gaps and facilitate action to address them. During an interactive discussion during the second part of the event, participants identified health problems related to climate change and engaged in finding innovative actions to address them, including the responsible agent to perform those actions. Numerous actions were identified and transmitted to SBSTA Chair Fuller, who stressed the importance of new models and innovative ideas to support adaptation knowledge and action. The LEG highlighted the importance of coordination of all related actors to achieve the objective of the NWP. Underscoring the low level of awareness of the importance of vulnerabilities posed by climate change, the Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) stressed its role in building capacities and raising awareness. Focusing on parties’ submissions, Tiffany Hodgson, UNFCCC Secretariat, underscored emerging concerns, and identified gaps and actions on the ground. Pablo Suarez, Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, facilitated the event and the interactive dialogue, urging participants to “do things in new ways.” Noting links between climate change and health, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, WHO, used the example of diarrheal disease, which is related to variations in temperature and precipitation, over both space and time. Carlos Fuller, SBSTA Chair, underscored the opportunity to ensure that the NWP is “fit-for-purpose” to support the adaptation regime. Contacts: Rojina Manandhar (Coordinator) | RManandhar@unfccc.int More Information: www.unfccc.int/nwp Economic Advantage of Agriculture in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)Presented by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Laurie Goering, Thomson-Reuters Foundation, moderated the side event, which examined new financial evidence and analysis on the likely returns on investment for smallholder farmers. She underscored that most countries have agriculture as part of their NDC and called for corresponding financial support in this sector. Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS, introduced a report titled, “The Economic Advantage: Assessing the Value of Climate-Change Actions in Agriculture.” She summarized the report’s main findings that, inter alia: economic and financial assessments are valuable tools to support decision making; there is a need to mainstream economic assessments in development and climate policies, including in agriculture; and there is a need for a mix of farm- and landscape-level actions, including for capacity building and policy work. She presented several case studies, underscoring the socio-economic benefits of new climate technologies and techniques for agricultural production. Stating that agriculture is the "life span" of the Ugandan people, Chebet Maikut, Ministry of Water and Environment, Uganda, explained that agriculture is a key sector in the Ugandan climate policy and is included in the country’s NDC. He said addressing agriculture has several co-benefits, including mitigation and adaptation, as well as gender mainstreaming and human rights. Stating that many agricultural studies do not take into account the “heterogeneity of populations” when offering advice, Peter Läderach, CIAT, proposed matching suggested interventions with the correct farm typologies, for example: considering whether farmers can afford particular suggested climate strategies; and remembering gender considerations in terms of who is in charge of farming and who takes decisions. Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - German Programme on Response to Climate Change, called for better coordination between different ministries, including on finance, planning and agriculture, to ensure that climate finance is directed towards agriculture. Expressing commitment to work with and strengthen farmers’ associations, including women’s cooperatives, Ilaria Firmian, IFAD, stated the existence of multiplier effects include the uptake of better practices. The ensuing discussion addressed, inter alia: the need to further study how much investment is required; the competition for investment between agriculture and other sectors; how agriculture can deliver on investment and offer co-benefits; nature-based agriculture; the low number of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in agriculture; risk transfer mechanisms and insurance for the impacts of climate change  on agriculture; the inclusion of food trees in climate smart agriculture (CSA) and capacity building to ensure investments pay off. From L-R: Laurie Goering, Thomson-Reuters Foundation; Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS; Peter Läderach, CIAT; Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, ASEAN-German Programme on Response to Climate Change; Ilaria Firmian, IFAD; and Chebet Maikut, Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment Underscoring that there are impacts of climate change which result in significant financial losses to the agricultural sector, Sonja Vermeulen, CCAFS, shared studies where agricultural investments can lower greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and improve productivity. Chebet Maikut, Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment, cautioned against the costs of inaction in the agricultural sector, affected by climate change. Imelda (Dada) Bacudo, ASEAN-German Programme on Response to Climate Change, said that translating the NDCs into action is a question of financing. Peter Läderach, CIAT, acknowledged the need to “go to the field” to understand the reality of what farmers need to address climate change. Contacts: Carolina Jaramillo (coordinator) | c.jaramillo@cgiar.org Vanessa Meadu (coordinator) | v.meadu@cgiar.org More Information: www.ifad.org/documents/10180/7e3dff00-db38-40c6-a2a1-672ff84a0526 ccafs.cgiar.org/cop22-side-event-economic-advantage-agriculture-ndcs#.WCN_RvmLQ2x Hydroclimate Services for AllPresented by UN Water This session was opened by Johannes Cullman, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and moderated thereafter by Karin Lexén, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). In a keynote address, Andres Tarand, former Prime Minister, Estonia, noted that viable information on water affects national, regional and international decision making on disaster risk management (DRM), health and the environment. He drew attention to mounting global water stresses which pose threats to peace and security, noting that competition for scarce water resources will increase in frequency. He stressed the need for a strong political message on hydroclimate services to address the challenges of climate change, security and development. Irfan Tariq, Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan, spoke on the value addition of hydroclimate services, noting that in times of floods there is a need to redirect flood waters to areas where water is most needed. In order to improve hydroclimate services for users, he stressed the need to understand their needs through, inter alia, social media and mobile phone interactions. Hanadi Awadallah, Department of Afforestation and Reforestation, Sudan, stressed the need for hydroclimate services in the preparation of inter-ministerial national communication data to warn the population of future periods of water decline. She called for greater support for hydroclimate research, more sophisticated meteorological stations in the country and capacity building on the use of hydroclimate services. Stefan Rösner, German Meteorological Service, stressed the importance of meteorological data informing hydrological planning processes. He noted the need for institutions and capacities to provide hydroclimate services, as well as the administrative authority to provide them. He drew attention to regional climate centers, but noted the need for trained staff to run these centers. Ali Subah, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Jordan, highlighted water scarcity in his country which is further impacted by the current refugee crisis, noting that the biggest challenge is drinking water. Subah then described a national water information system that includes all the data necessary for decision making for a wide range of sectors, noting the role of, and challenges posed by, transboundary water sources. Demetrio Innocenti, Green Climate Fund (GCF), said that access to GCF funds is through accredited entities, and noted that many adaptation projects focus on hydrological-meteorological issues. He said that the GCF looks for projects that can generate transformational change but also those that can be operationalized and that are useful for the communities in which they are implemented. In the ensuing discussion participants addressed, inter alia: how hydroclimatic services can be made accessible to users; and the need for accessible GCF financing for adaptation and mitigation. Carol Chouchani Cherfane, UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), closed the session. Andres Tarand, former Prime Minister, Estonia, stressed the need for policymakers to understand the role of hydroclimate services in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Karin Lexén, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), moderated the event. Stefan Rösner, German Meteorological Service, noted the need for meteorological services to complement hydrological services. Contacts: Sonja Koeppel (Coordinator) | Sonja.Koeppel@unece.org Carol Chouchani Cherfane (Coordinator)| chouchanicherfane@un.org More Information: www.unwater.org The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Technology Mechanism: Enhancing Climate Technology Development and TransferPresented by UNFCCC This event was moderated by Asher Lessels, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat. Noting that the Technology Mechanism is delivering results, Richard Kinley, Deputy Executive Secretary, UNFCCC Secretariat, cautioned against complacency, noting that the technical assistance needs of developing countries could not be understated. He explained that achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement will be challenging and will require time and “revolutions in climate technologies.” Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, Technology Executive Committee (TEC) Chair, presented an update on performance and activities of the TEC, such as the TEC Rolling Work Plan for 2016-18. She explained that the TEC is the policy arm of the Technology Mechanism, composed of 20 expert members. She then drew attention to key achievements in climate technology, mitigation, technology needs assessment (TNA) process, and adaptation technologies. Nhlengethwa-Masina noted that, from 2017, the TEC will increase its efforts to support parties in accelerating climate technology development and transfer. Spencer Thomas, Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Advisory Board Chair, highlighted references to the Technology Mechanism in the Paris Agreement, such as in relation to the UNFCCC Technical Examination Processes and to linkages with the Financial Mechanism of the Convention. He also expressed the need for support for research, development and deployment. Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN, described the CTCN's technical assistance by geographical region, objective and scope. He said that technical assistance requests can come from sub-national authorities, so long as they are submitted through the National Designated Entity (NDE). He explained that technological assistance from the CTCN must contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and form the basis for multilateral investment. Elisha Moyo, CTCN’s NDE of Zimbabwe, shared his country’s experiences on interacting with the CTCN. Noting that Zimbabwe’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) requires various technologies to attain resilience in the agriculture sector, he said Zimbabwe submitted four proposals to CTCN for technical assistance on: agriculture; industrial energy efficiency; capacity building on project planning; and translation of policy into “bankable initiatives.” In the ensuing discussion, participants addressed, inter alia: urgency to reach “high- and low-hanging fruit” relating to climate technology transfer; clarification on CTCN’s process in selecting partners within a country; technological assistance that supports NDCs; and post-Paris Agreement financial resources to support developing countries in their submission of technical assistance requests to CTCN. From L-R: Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN; Spencer Thomas, CTCN Advisory Board Chair; Asher Lessels, UNFCCC Secretariat; Elisha Moyo, , CTCN’s NDE of Zimbabwe; and Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, TEC Chair Jukka Uosukainen, CTCN, drew attention to a project that sought to mainstream gender for a climate-resilient energy system in West Africa. Duduzile Nhlengethwa-Masina, TEC Chair, said the Committee recommended enhanced financial, technological and capacity building support for the implementation of Technology Acton Plans (TAPs) and updating Technology Needs Assessment (TNAs). Spencer Thomas, CTCN Advisory Board Chair, said that major concerns identified in party submissions to COP 22 included: the need to build on gains already made by the CTCN; strengthening National Designated Entities and country-level coordination; and private sector engagement. Asher Lessels, UNFCCC Secretariat, moderated the event Contacts: Asher Lessels | alessels@unfccc.int More Information: unfccc.int/ttclear/templates/render_cms_page?TEM_home About | 7 Nov | 8 Nov | 9 Nov | 10 Nov | 11 Nov | 12 Nov | 14 Nov | 15 Nov | 16 Nov | 17 Nov | 18 Nov | Summary The Earth Negotiations Bulletin on the Side (ENBOTS) © <enb@iisd.org> is a special publication of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). This issue has been written by Karen Alvarenga, Katherine Browne, Bo-Alex Fredvik, Tallash Kantai, Jennifer Lenhart, Ph.D., Kate Louw, Miquel Muñoz Cabre, Nicole de Paula, and Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D. The Digital Editors are Mike Muzurakis and Liz Rubin. The Editor is Elena Kosolapova, Ph.D. <elena@iisd.org>. The Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James “Kimo” Goree VI <kimo@iisd.org>. The opinions expressed in ENBOTS are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD and funders. Excerpts from ENBOTS may be used in non-commercial publications only with appropriate academic citation. For permission to use this material in commercial publications, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <kimo@iisd.org>. Electronic versions of issues of ENBOTS from the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be found on the IISD Reporting Services website at http://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop22/enbots/. The ENBOTS Team at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, can be contacted by e-mail at <tallash@iisd.org>. Specific funding for coverage of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Specific funding for coverage of side events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016, has been provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea of Italy, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW), the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the European Union (EU) IISD Reporting Services is grateful to the many donors of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) and recognizes the following as core contributors to the ENB: the European Union, the Government of Switzerland (the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)), the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. General Support for the Bulletin during 2016 is provided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, SWAN International, the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies - IGES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). Resources for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Website for Side Events and Exhibits at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Schedule of Side Events at the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Overview Schedule for the Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016 Host Country Website IISD ENB/ENB+ Meeting Coverage 44th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-44), 17-20 October 2016, United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016, 16-26 May 2016, Bonn, Germany High-Level Signature Ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, 22 April 2016, UN Headquarters, New York IPCC-43, 11-13 April 2016, Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 13 December 2015, Paris, France Coverage of Side Events at the Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015, 29 November - 11 December 2015, Paris, France Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2015, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany IPCC-42, 5-8 October 2015, Dubrovnik, Croatia Bonn Climate Change Conference - August 2015, 31 August - 4 September 2015, Bonn, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany Coverage of Side Events at the Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2015, 1-11 June 2015, Bonn, Germany 9th Meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board, 24-26 March 2015, Songdo, Republic of Korea IPCC-41, 24-27 February 2015, UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya Geneva Climate Change Conference - February 2015, 8-13 February 2015, Geneva, Switzerland Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-14 December 2014, Lima, Peru Coverage of Side Events at the Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014, 1-12 December 2014, Lima, Peru IPCC-40, 27-31 October 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark Bonn Climate Change Conference - October 2014, 20-25 October 2014, Bonn, Germany UN Climate Summit 2014 - “Catalyzing Action”, 23 September 2014, UN Headquarters, New York Bonn Climate Change Conference - June 2014, 4-15 June 2014, Bonn, Germany 12th Session of the IPCC Working Group III (WGIII-12) and IPCC-39, 7-12 April 2014, Berlin, Germany Bonn Climate Change Conference - March 2014, 10-14 March 2014, Bonn, Germany WGII-10 and IPCC-38, 25-29 March 2014, Yokohama, Japan IPCC-37, 14-17 October 2013, Batumi, Georgia IPCC-36, 23-26 September 2013, Stockholm, Sweden Additional IISD Resources CLIMATE-L - A Mailing List for News on Climate Change Policy SDG Knowledge Hub - An online resource center for news and commentary regarding the implementation of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Linkages Update - Bi-weekly International Environment and Sustainable Development News © 2016, IISD Reporting Services. 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The fifty-second session of the International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC-52) continued its deliberations in Yokohama, Japan on 9 November 2016. In the morning, delegates met in the Council to discuss the Biennial Work Programme (BWP) and the implementation of the Thematic Programmes. The Council also held its first special vote on the election of the next Executive Director (ED), which produced no winner, as none of the six candidates met the required threshold for number of countries and votes from both Producers and Consumers. In the afternoon, the Council met in a closed session to discuss the legal implications and measures related to ITTO investments that led to the impairment of funds, including legal action initiated against the investment advisor. Delegates then convened a Joint Committee Session to examine the Report of the Expert Panel for Technical Appraisal of Project Proposals and hear ex-post evaluations of completed projects, followed by the Annual Market Discussion for 2016 under the theme “Free Trade Agreements - Challenges and Opportunities for the Tropical Timber Trade.” In the evening, the Commiittee on Finance and Administration (CFA) met to discuss draft revisions of ITTO Financial Rules and Procedures, Audit Standards, and relevant Staff Regulations and Rules. IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provided daily digital coverage and a summary and analysis report of the 52nd Session of the ITTC and Associated Sessions of the Committees. The summary and analysis report is available in HTML and PDF format. Council Session L-R: Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52; Jennifer Conje, Chair of ITTC-52; and Steven Johnson, Officer-in-Charge, ITTO Secretariat Teguh Rahardja, Indonesia Jill Hanna, EU Fernando Perdigão, Brazil Alicia Grimes, US L-R: Raul Briz; Louie Belleza and Ray Thomas Kabigting, the Philippines L-R: Carolyn Guy, New Zealand, in conversation with Arturo García Tenorio and Jorge Pedro Flores Marker, Mexico Anna Tyler, New Zealand, Consumer caucus spokesperson Eheth Ongmanong Victoire, Cameroon, Producer caucus spokeperson Joint Committee Session Valéria Rigueira, Brazil Tabi Agyarko, Vice-Chair of ITTC-52 Pralong Dumrongthai, Thailand John Leigh, Peru Matthias Schwoerer, Germany L-R: Achille Orphée Lokossou and Françoise Zohoncon Worou, Benin L-R: Takeshi Goto and Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO Secretariat L-R: Jorge Malleux, Peru and Barney Chan, Trade Advisory Group L-R: Labode Popoola, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; André de Boer, European Timber Trade Federation; Jorge Malleux, Peru and Barney Chan, Trade Advisory Group L-R: Erik Fischer Llanos, Exporters Association (ADEX), Peru; Joseph O'Donnell, International Wood Products Association; Jirawat Tangkijngamwong, Thai Timber Association; Enrique Téllez Pacheco, National Chamber of the Wood Industry, Mexico; Frances Maplesden, ITTO Consultant; and Michael Adams, ITTO Consultant Ruth Turia, Papua New Guinea James Singh, Guyana Emmanuelle Maire, EU Kwame Asumadu, Wood Panels International Committee on Finance and Administration (CFA) L-R: Mad Zaidi Mohd Karli, Malaysia, Vice-Chair of CFA; Rob Busink, the Netherlands, Chair of CFA; and Simon Kawaguchi, ITTO Secretariat; Anne Schick, Switzerland Stephanie McFadden O'Neill, US Fernando Perdigão, Brazil, in conversation with Jill Hanna, EU ITTC-52 Snapshots Observers from the Yokohama Science Frontier High School