How far can you stretch an expression like “better late than never”? In the case of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, on cooperative implementation, the answer seems to be: quite a long time. Over nine years after the adoption of the Agreement, the article is still not fully operational, and there is growing frustration on all sides at the lack of progress. Both party and non-party stakeholders alike are waiting with bated breath to see what progress the June Climate Conference will achieve with regard to this “problem child” of the Agreement.
Want to dig deeper into today's talks? Read the full Earth Negotiations Bulletin daily report.
As discussions continued on Tuesday, negotiators wrestled with the outstanding questions that need to be answered before Article 6 is fully operational. How should countries authorize cooperative approaches and Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs)? Can those authorizations be revoked? Are fiscal instruments like carbon pricing “non-market approaches,” or should they be considered a kind of carbon market?
With the end of this round of negotiations in sight, agreement at the Conference of the Parties (COP) in Baku seems uncertain—and not just on Article 6. Negotiations on the Mitigation Ambition and Implementation Work Programme and the Just Transition Work Programme were unable to find agreement, meaning that the respective Co-Facilitators will draft procedural conclusions: documents stating that parties met and discussed, but that do not capture any views that can be used as a basis for further negotiations.
Not all workstreams ended this way. Several rooms, such as those working on agriculture, were able to finish their negotiations successfully. Others, such as those working on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) were still eager to reach agreement before the end of the conference.
Mandated events also continued apace: the annual Dialogue on Ocean and Climate Change showcased ongoing and planned strategies for addressing the ocean-climate change nexus in an integrated and holistic manner. The discussions drew linkages to other UN processes, such as the 2025 UN Ocean Conference and the recent adoption of the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction.
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All ENB photos are free to use with attribution. For the Bonn Climate Change Conference 2024, please use: Photo by IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth.
Informal Consultations and Contact Groups Throughout the Day
Informal consultations on the new collective quantified goal on climate finance (NCQG)
Co-Chairs for the Just Transition Work Programme Kishan Kumarsingh, Trinidad and Tobago, and Marianne Karlsen, Norway
Informal consultations on research and systematic observation
Members of the G-77/China huddle before the informal consultations on the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage (WIM)
Delegates gather for the informal consultations on the GGA
Informal consultations on the technology mechanism
Informal consultations on Article 6.8 (non-market approaches)
Informal consultations on National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)
Family photo of the agriculture and food security negotiators
Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue 2024
View of the dais during the Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue
UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell
Co-Facilitators Niall O’Dea, Canada, and Julio Cordano, Chile
The State of the Ocean Report 2024 is presented during the session
Harry Vreuls, SBSTA Chair
Kevin Magron, France, co-host of the 2025 UN Ocean Conference
Vidar Helgesen, Executive Secretary, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (IOC-UNESCO)
Valentina Germani, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Joanna Post, Head, Ocean Observations and Services, IOC-UNESCO
Delegates break out into groups to discuss marine biodiversity conservation, coastal resilience, and technology needs for the Ocean
Paris Committee on Capacity-building (PCCB)
Delegates gather for the 8th meeting of the PCCB
Co-Chair Abze Djigma, Burkina Faso
Lilian De Leon, the Philippines
Co-Chair Rohemir Ramirez-Ballagas, US
Cécile Schneider, Germany
Britta Horstmann, Adaptation Committee Co-Chair
Alejandro Kilpatrick, UNFCCC Secretariat
Richard Lungu, Zambia
Roberta Ianna, Italy
Civil Society Actions
Members of civil society demonstrate in the corridors, calling for loss and damage finance that comes in the form of grants, not loans
In an interactive action by civil society, delegates are asked whether they want to choose the path to a fossil fuel phase-out, or to climate chaos and destruction
Around the Venue
Co-Facilitator for the GGA Pedro Pedroso Cuesta, Cuba
Co-Facilitators for the NGQC Zaheer Fakir, UAE, and Fiona Gilbert, Australia, speak with a delegate
Delegates from Brazil and Saudi Arabia speak informally
Benito Müller, Oxford Climate Policy, speaks with delegates
Gao Xiang, China
