Earth and Satellite

46th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol

8–12 July 2024 | Montreal, Canada

Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

About

Delegates hold important talks on very short-lived substances, the increase in the production and emissions of controlled substances used as feedstock, and how best to strengthen the Montreal Protocol’s institutions, including combating illegal trade.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was adopted to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS), such as those contained in aerosol sprays, coolants, asthma inhalers, food production, and building materials, to name a few.

The major effect of a depleted ozone layer is an increase in ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels on the Earth's surface affecting human health and the environment. Increased UV radiation has been found to be responsible for certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts, and immune deficiency disorders. It also affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altering growth, food chains, and biochemical cycles. Aquatic life just below the water’s surface, the basis of the food chain, is particularly adversely affected by high UV levels. The UV rays also affect plant growth, reducing agricultural productivity.

Since entering into force in 1989, the Montreal Protocol has been ratified by 198 parties. It has been lauded as the most successful global environmental agreement, having been successful at phasing out ozone depleting substances (ODS), including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), certain halons, carbon tetrachloride (CTC), methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The Protocol’s reach has expanded in the last decade, with the adoption of the Kigali Amendment in 2016 to address hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which were a replacement for HCFCs, but are potent greenhouse gases.

The Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the parties to the Montreal Protocol considers the scientific and technical work which underpins the Protocol, compiled by the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) and the Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP). OEWG 46, which is the first meeting since the 35th Meeting of the Parties (MOP) in October 2023, has before it a number of important discussions, including on:

  • Very short-lived substances, including dichloromethane, which have a significant impact on the ozone layer, especially in the lower stratosphere;
  • The significant increase in the production of controlled substances used as feedstock and increased emissions of such substances;
  • CTC emissions;
  • Life-cycle refrigerant management;
  • Enhancing the global and regional atmospheric monitoring of controlled substances;
  • Nominations for critical-use exemptions for methyl bromide for 2025; and
  • Energy efficiency (decision XXXV/10).

Delegates will also consider issues related to the future availability of halons and their alternatives, and possible compliance deferral for some developing country parties, an issue which emerged at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, they will address how best to strengthen the Protocol’s institutions, including combating illegal trade, which has been a growing concern in the past few years. The meeting is also expected to discuss potential changes to a form for reporting on HFC-23.

OEWG 46 will be held at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Conference Centre in Montreal, Canada from 8-12 July 2024.

The Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) writers for this meeting are Tallash Kantai; Pamela Chasek, Ph.D.; and Kaspar Sollberger, Ph.D. The Digital Editor is Ángeles Estrada. The Editor is Jessica Templeton, Ph.D.

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46th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol

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