Biodiversity is fundamental to human well-being, a healthy planet, and economic prosperity for all people, including for living well in balance and in harmony with Mother Earth. We depend on it for food, medicine, energy, clean air and water, security from natural disasters as well as recreation and cultural inspiration, and it supports all systems of life on earth.

This statement opens the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Despite this acknowledgement however, biodiversity loss continues unabated, threatening the basis of all life on earth. The GBF seeks to reverse this trend by addressing the direct and indirect causes of biodiversity loss and by achieving the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. It guides global biodiversity policy through four overarching goals for 2050 and a set of 2030 targets.

Implementation of the GBF is facilitated by decisions on resource mobilization, and on capacity building and technical and scientific cooperation to address finance and capacity gaps between the developed and the developing world. A monitoring framework, and a decision on mechanisms for planning, monitoring, reporting, and review, are expected to strengthen implementation and compliance. Establishment of a multilateral mechanism on benefit-sharing from the use of digital sequence information (DSI) on genetic resources aims to ensure that the CBD framework adapts to technological developments.  

Convening under the theme “Peace with Nature,” the 2024 UN Biodiversity Conference is the first one since adoption of the GBF. It will include concurrent meetings of the governing bodies of the Convention and its Protocols, including the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP 16), the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CP-MOP 11), and the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization (NP-MOP 5).

The UN Biodiversity Conference will be preceded by the fifth meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI 5), which will review preparation of national targets and the alignment of national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) with the GBF, and will pilot an open-ended forum for voluntary country review.

At COP 16, participants will review the state of implementation of the GBF, including through alignment of NBSAPs and resource mobilization. Among other items, the meeting is also expected to:

• Finalize and operationalize the multilateral mechanism on benefit-sharing from DSI use;
• Establish a new programme of work on Article 8(j) and other provisions of the Convention related to Indigenous Peoples and local communities;
• Further develop the monitoring framework and the global review of the GBF;
• Further develop the long-term strategic framework for capacity-building and development and the mechanism to strengthen technical and scientific cooperation.

Delegates will also address policy, administrative, and financial items, including on: biodiversity mainstreaming; marine and coastal biodiversity; biodiversity and health; biodiversity and climate change; and synthetic biology.

CP-MOP 11 will consider a range of items related to implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, including on:

• the operations and activities of the Biosafety Clearing-House;
• risk assessment and risk management, including additional voluntary guidance materials to support the case-by-case risk assessment of living modified organisms containing engineered gene drives; and
• the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress.

NP-MOP 5 will further implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing (ABS) by addressing, among other items: the ABS Clearing-House; cooperation with relevant processes; and specialized international ABS instruments.

The UN Biodiversity Conference will be held from 21 October - 1 November 2024, in Cali, Colombia. It will be preceded by SBI-5 from 16-18 October.

The Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) writers for this meeting are Elsa Tsioumani, Ph.D.; Katarina Hovden; Wanja Nyingi, Ph.D.; María Ovalle; Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D.; and Emma Vovk. The Digital Editor is Mike Muzurakis. The Editor is Pam Chasek, Ph.D.