Don Maclver, Meteorological Service, Canada, underscored the need to develop higher resolution climate models that would facilitate anticipatory action for adaptation.

Hong Yan, WMO, provided an overview of some of WMO’s adaptation activities, including climate observation and data management, and climate research, modeling and prediction.

Neil Ward, International Research Institute for Climate and Society, provided examples of collaborative adaptation projects such as the management of the Angat Dam reservoir in the Philippines.

David Walland, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, highlighted a number of adaptation projects in Pacific Island countries, and noted the importance of national meteorological service for local stakeholders.

Dick Ballhorn, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada, expressed hope for better funding of the Executive Board (EB), incorporation of changes in the additionality tool, and institutional reform of the CDM EB.

Marcelo Junqueira, Econergy Brazil, highlighted his company’s CDM initiatives and regretted that the CDM approval process is time consuming, complex and bureaucratic.

Julie Smith, Enel North America, highlighted the need for clarity in the definition of sustainable development criteria and CDM project eligibility.

Mark Trexler, Trexler Climate and Energy Services, emphasized that additionality cannot be maximized for all criteria and thus policymakers need to specify them.

Steve Koch, NAIMA Canada, noted the need for adopting simple and clear rules for project developers and certifiers.

Shawn Xu, University of Missouri-Columbia, noted energy savings that could be achieved if China adopted HPs on a large scale. He highlighted the cost-efficiency of HPs, and noted obstacles to adoption such as high densities and lack of a trained labor force. He described penetration strategies, including technology transfer and development, and new energy management contracts.

Martina Höller, Austrian Heat Pump Association, described her Association’s activities, including lobbying, training and consumer education. She said that high oil prices and concern for the environment have set favorable conditions, but highlighted competition between renewable sources.

Wael El-Sharif, Geothermal HP Consortium, noted the rapid adoption of HPs in the US and resultant energy savings, and outlined government programs that have addressed concerns over high initial costs, and lack of training and awareness.

Henny Osbahr, Oxford University, highlighted key findings of the ADAPTIVE project which examined elements for successful adaptation to climate change in natural resource dependent communities.

Irene Lorenzoni, University of East Anglia, described how people’s perception of the dangers of climate change affects their response. She stated that individuals respond to short-term events, but do not make long term behavioral shifts and that climate change is not viewed as dangerous at the individual level. She called for simultaneous structural changes throughout society to promote adaptation.

Emma Tompkins, Tyndall Centre, outlined actions to survive climate change in small islands including reducing physical and social vulnerability through local management. Noting that enough information exists, she urged taking immediate preparedness actions.

Discussion: participants addressed: the transferability of successful adaptation strategies; acceptance of climate change over time; effective individual action; monitoring adaptation; and the link between adaptation and mitigation.