About
Parties examined scientific and technical issues affecting the phase-out and replacement of ozone depleting chemicals and substances with a high-global-warming potential in foams, fire suppressants, metered-dose inhalers, and refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps, and discussed Multilateral Fund replenishment.
Final report
Summary report 7–11 July 2025
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It is 40 years since the international community adopted the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the foundation for combatting the depletion of stratospheric ozone, which protects humanity and its environment from dangerous levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Without the ozone layer, skin cancer, eye cataracts, and immune deficiencies would be widespread and both terrestrial and aquatic life would be impacted.
In 1987, two years after the adoption of the Convention, governments adopted the Montreal Protocol to phase out both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), and—with its latest amendment adopted in Kigali in 2016—phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases that had replaced certain ODS in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
A lot has happened in 40 years, and both the Convention and the Protocol stand out as very successful—if not the most successful—multilateral environmental agreements. Still, the protection of both the ozone layer and the climate requires further progress.
There are three main tasks the ‘ozone family’ is currently focused on:
- enhancing atmospheric monitoring to inform decision making;
- improving action on controlled substances to find alternatives, avoid leaks, and address illegal trade; and
- investigating whether further substances merit to be controlled.
OEWG47 considered the scientific and technical work that underpins all action under the Protocol, compiled by its Assessment Panels. It was the first meeting since the 36th Meeting of the Parties (MOP) in October/November 2024 and featured the following main agenda items:
- terms of reference for the study on the 2027–2029 replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (MLF);
- life-cycle refrigerant management;
- metered-dose inhalers with low-global-warming-potential propellants;
- options for the organization of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel and its technical options committees;
- feedstock uses of controlled substances;
- enhancing regional atmospheric monitoring of controlled substances;
- further strengthening the Montreal Protocol institutions;
- review of the need for the annual average of 2.5% for hydrochlorofluorocarbons for servicing and non-servicing applications during the period 2030–2040 (Article 5, paragraph 8ter);
- change in the cut-off date for eligible capacity to receive MLF funding in relation to the phasing down of hydrofluorocarbons (decision XXVIII/2, paragraph 17); and
- classification of the State of Palestine as a party operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 and access to support from the MLF.
The work of the OEWG will form the basis of the decisions to be taken by the next Meeting of the Parties (MOP37) in November 2025.
OEWG47 convened from 7 to 11 July 2025 at the UN Conference Centre in Bangkok, Thailand.
The Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) writers for this meeting were Kaspar Sollberger, Ph.D.; Pamela Chasek, Ph.D; and Tallash Kantai. The Digital Editor was Anastasia Rodopoulou. The Editor was Chris Spence.
View past and future events
Past event
Vienna Convention COP 5 and Montreal Protocol MOP 11
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20th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 12
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Montreal Protocol MOP 13
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22nd Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Vienna Convention COP 6 and Montreal Protocol MOP 14
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Montreal Protocol MOP 15
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1st Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP-1)
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Montreal Protocol MOP 16
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25th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties and 2nd Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP-2)
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Vienna Convention COP 7 and Montreal Protocol MOP 17
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26th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 18
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Montreal Protocol MOP 19
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Viena Convention COP 8 and Montreal Protocol MOP 20
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29th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 21
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Montreal Protocol MOP 22
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31st Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Vienna Convention COP 9 and Montreal Protocol MOP 23
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32nd Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 24
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33rd Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 25
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34th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Vienna Convention COP 10 and Montreal Protocol MOP 26
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Workshop on Hydrofluorocarbon Management and 35th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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36th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Resumed 36th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Montreal Protocol MOP 27
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37th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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3rd Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP 3) and Associated Meetings
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Montreal Protocol MOP 28
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39th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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Vienna Convention COP 11 and Montreal Protocol MOP 29
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Workshop on Energy Efficiency Opportunities While Phasing-Down Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and 40th Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
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30th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
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41st Meeting of the Open-Ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 41)
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31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP 31)
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42nd Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (OEWG 42)
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12th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention (Part I) and 32nd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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4th Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP-4) and 1st Part of the 43rd Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG43)
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2nd Part of the 43rd Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG 43)
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Combined 12th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention (Part II) and 33rd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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44th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG-44) and 5th Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (ExMOP-5)
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34th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP34)
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45th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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35th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP35)
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46th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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13th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (COP13) and 36th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP36)
Past event
47th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
Past event
37th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MOP37)
Upcoming event
48th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
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